Introductionove is among the highly attractive subjects that has engaged the human mind since the ancient eras. Despite the special definition proposed by different sciences, there is no consensus about love. However, love is considered as one of the primary psychological needs that people crave for (1). Although love could be one of the most wonderful and sweetest excitements of human, it might be known as the most painful tensions of people (2). Based on the evidence, love failure may lead to one of the most considerable psychological traumas in an individual (3). In this regard, Rosse posed the concept of love trauma syndrome defined as a set of intense signs and symptoms that occur following the deterioration of a romantic relationship.The syndrome disturbs individuals' performance and causes harmful physical and psychological reactions that can persist for a long time (2). The breakup of a relationship can result in various issues, such as depression, anxiety, distress, pessimism, loss of focus, professional and educational L

Economic abuse, in the context of intimate relationships, is a pervasive form of violence that merits further empirical attention. We know from limited research that the rates of economic abuse appear to be high in Iran; however, there is a lack of culturally appropriate measures that can assess the extent to which women experience economic harm as a result of their partners’ actions. The present study was conducted with the aims of (a) investigating the psychometric properties of the 14-item Revised Scale of Economic Abuse (SEA2) which was translated into Persian for this study and (b) examining the prevalence of economic abuse among a sample of 371 married housewives in Qazvin, Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the two-factor structure of the SEA2, with the exception of one item. Composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated good internal consistency. The average variance extracted method, along with correlations with other financial variables, demonstrated evidence of good convergent validity. Correlations with related, but distinct forms of abuse, support the scale’s discriminant validity. Based on the collective findings, this measure can be used as a reliable and valid tool to study economic abuse among Iranian women which, within our sample, appears to be a common phenomenon. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

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Psychological hardiness is protective against life difficulties. Hence, it is important to find methods for its improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of transactional analysis group training in increasing psychological hardiness among married women. This study was a quasi-experimental researched designed as pretest-posttest with control group. Statistical population consisted of all married women referring to Counseling Center. 30 women were selected through convenience sampling. They were assigned to experimental and control groups. Personal views survey questionnaire was utilized for data collection. The results showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups after the intervention; so it can be said that transactional analysis training increased psychological hardiness in the experimental group. According to the findings of this study,According to the findings of this study, transactional analysis can increase psychological hardiness and can be used as an effective clinical intervention by therapists.