The review and meta-analysis show that platform switching may preserve interimplant bone height and soft tissue levels. The degree of marginal bone resorption is inversely related to the extent of the implant-abutment mismatch. Further long-term, well-conducted, randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the validity of this concept.

Esthetic considerations are a significant contributing factor in the management of prosthodontic cases and an interdisciplinary approach is often necessary to achieve an optimal result. The visible soft-tissue architecture plays a key role in developing an esthetic smile. Furthermore, an understanding of the relationship between the restorative margin and the gingiva is important for long-term stability of the result. The gingival architecture and gingival health are important for ensuring optimal esthetics following prosthodontic work and close attention to both soft and hard tissues around the teeth, before, during and after restorative procedures, will greatly improve the likelihood of a successful outcome. Moreover, knowing the options available in periodontal plastic surgery is important in esthetic dentistry today. The relevant literature related to restorative and surgical procedures when performing esthetic dentistry are reviewed in this article, and different approaches are illustrated with appropriate cases to explain the treatment approach that was utilized to improve the esthetic appearance of the case.

The performance of the IDAF-4C in this New Zealand community sample supports its use for dental anxiety measurement.

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This study investigated the effect of inhibitory modelling technique (IMT) in modification of bullying behavior among senior secondary school boarding students in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The pre-/post-test quasi experimental control group design was adopted. The entire senior secondary two boarding students in Zaria constituted the population for the study. The sample for the study was 282 (172 males and 110 females) students drawn from three boarding secondary schools. Two intact classes in each of the three schools were used. The treatment package for the experimental group was IMT. To establish the relative effect of the treatment in modifying bullying behavior, both experimental and control group were pre- and post-tested using research instrument titled involvement and attitude bullying rating scale. The instrument was validated and have the reliability coefficient of 0.87. Four hypotheses were formulated and were tested using t-test at the α=0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that IMT emerged superior to traditional school counselling technique for modifying attitude to, and involvement in bullying among secondary school boarding students. IMT was also found to be effective for modifying both male and female participants’ attitude to, and involvement in bullying. It was recommended among other that school counsellors should adopt IMT as an anti-bullying intervention for counselling secondary school students against bullying as well as for prevention or modification of bullying behavior in boarding schools.