Background: In resource limited settings, many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals lack access to sufficient quantities of nutritious foods, which poses additional challenges to the success of anti-retroviral therapy. Morbidity and mortality related to human immune deficiency virus infection in the developing world remain unacceptably high, despite major advances in human immune deficiency virus therapy and increased international funding for care. Objective: To determine magnitude of malnutrition and identify factors associated with it among adult people on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in health facility of Hosanna town. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 20 to April30, 2014 on 340 adult people on anti-retroviral therapy at antiretroviral therapy clinics of Hosanna town. Sample clients were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using structured pretested questionnaire, record review using check list and anthropometric measurements. Bi-variate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were done using SPSS version 16 to identify factors associated with malnutrition. Results: Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition (Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m 2) in this study was 31.2%. Household food insecurity (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.31-4.81), inadequate diversified diet (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.84), low meal frequency (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76), clinical staging four (AOR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.42-19.35), clinical staging three (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.57, 9.73), presence of opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.49-4.59) and nutritional support (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89) were independent predictors of malnutrition. Conclusion: Malnutrition (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2) was high in adult people on anti-retroviral therapy at anti-retroviral therapy clinics of Hossana town. Only Anti-Retroviral Therapy is not enough to improve the health status of people on HAART. Further, interventional initiatives should focus in improving household food security, diversity of diet, meal frequency, clinical staging and prevention and control of opportunistic infections in adult HIV infected individuals receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum family planning (PPFP) is defined as the prevention of unintended pregnancy and closely spaced pregnancies through the first twelve months following childbirth. Immediate postpartum period is particularly favorable time to provide LARC methods and postpartum provision of LARC is safe and effective. Despite the advantages of LARCs, they are infrequently used in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 women who gave birth at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC) from November 12, 2016 to January 21, 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and record review using pre-tested questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 20. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors for LARC method use. RESULTS: Prevalence of LARCs use among immediate postpartum mothers was 53.2% and more than three quarter (78.0%) of participants used Implanon. The most common reported reasons for not using LARC were preference of other method (25.5%). Having more than four alive kids (95% CI: 1.15-5.95), high monthly income (95% CI: 1.08-7.20), planning to delay next pregnancy by more than two years (95% CI: 1.60-9.28), previous experience of LARC use (95% CI: 1.30- 7.20), completed family size (95% CI:1.12- 3.15), and most importantly receiving counselling during antenatal care (ANC) follow up and before delivery (95% CI 1.01- 4.73) were associated with immediate postpartum LARC use. CONCLUSION: Utilisation of immediate postpartum LARC methods use among counselled mothers was high compared to other low income countries reviewed. The need for providing counselling during ANC follow up and delivery to increase utilisation of immediate postpartum LARC use is emphasised.

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Introduction: The term 'Grand-multiparity' was introduced by Solomon (1934), who called it the "dangerous multipara" [1]. Since then grand multiparity has been considered as a risk factor for both mother and the fetus [1][2][3][4]. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics define grand multiparity as delivery of the fifth or more newborn and in this study grand multiparity is defined when a pregnant woman have five or more births above the gestational age of 28 weeks [2]. The objective of this study is to compare maternal and perinatal outcome in grand multiparity and low parity. In developing countries grand multiparity is very common while in developed countries rare. Methods and materials:Prospective cross sectional comparative study was done in Jimma University specialized Hospital in 2015. Data was collected from119 grand multiparous (parity >= 5) and 238 low parity (parity2-4) women who gave birth in the hospital and data were analyzed by using statically package social science (spss) 20.3. p-value<0.05 considered significant.Result: There were 357 parous women participated in the study, among then 125 were grand multiparous making the incidence 8%. Grand multiparty was associated with anemia (3.5; 1.5-8.4), nonreassuring fetal condition intraparum (3.2; 1.3-8.0) and perinatal mortality (5; 1.7-7.4). Conclusion:Grand multiparty was associated both maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Limiting parity might decrease both maternal and perinatal mortality and both at community and health facility family planning awareness should be made.

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