The study aimed at examining the microbial quality of restaurant salad and the water used for salad preparation and their role as a source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Samples were collected from 15 different restaurants located in Chittagong city. The range of Total Viable Count was 1.86×10 4 to7.28×10 5 CFU/g and 1.60×10 4 CFU/ml to 4.38×10 5 CFU/ml for salad and water respectively. Total colifrm and fecal coliform count > 1100 CFU/100 ml were found in 73.33% of salad and 33.33% water samples. Salmonella spp was present in 46.67% of restaurants salad and water. Vibrio spp. was present in 66.67% of salad and 53.33% of water. A total of 102 isolates belonging to genus Vibrio, Salmonella and E. coli were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test by disc diffusion method by using nine different types of antibiotic discs. Salmonella spp. from salad and water showed resistance against Amoxicillin (75%), Cephradine and Cephalexin (68.75%). 85.71% Vibrio spp. isolated from salad and water were resistant to Amoxicillin respectively. Multiple drug resistance was seen in 39 and 51 isolates of Salmonella and Vibrio isolates, respectively. The results suggest the necessity to follow the hygienic practices in salad preparation and salad might have an important role as a source of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.

No abstract

The concentrations of organochlorine insecticides (DDT and heptachlor) were investigated to estimate the effect of various washing and boiling/cooking to elucidate the concentration level we intake actually. For this study five most popular dry fish samples namely bombay duck (loittya), ribbon fish (chhuri), shrimp (chingri), chinese pomfret (rupchanda) and Indian salmon (lakhua) were analyzed. The highest concentrations of DDT and heptachlor were found 737.2 ppb (Indian salmon, normal) and 44.8 ppb (shrimp, normal) respectively; after boiling treatment a big amount was washed out and remained only 135.5 and 16.9 ppb respectively. Boiling treatment was found more effective than the others.

No abstract

Karim (2016) Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and chloramphenicol and their drug interaction study by the validated UPLC method,

The concentrations of organochlorine insecticides DDT (Dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane) and Heptachlor were investigated to estimate the current status of insecticides used in dry fish in different seasons and different species. Six most popular species of dry fishes namely Bombay duck (Loittya), Ribbon fish (Chhuri), Shrimp (Chingri), Hilsha shed (Ilish), Chinese pomfret (Rupchanda) and Indian salmon (Lakhua) were collected from Asadgonj (whole sell market for dry fish) of Chittagong, Bangladesh at different seasons, six samples at winter season (December) and six same samples at rainy season (July). The range of DDT concentration at winter was found 3.6 ug kg-1 to 250.8 ug kg-1 and at rainy season the range of concentration was found 11.1 ug kg-1 to 1107.4 ug kg-1. The range of Heptachlor concentration at winter was found 0.4 ug kg-1 to 2.5 ug kg-1 and at rainy season was found 1.1 ug kg-1 to 37.8 ug kg-1. The concentrations of DDT and Heptachlor were much higher in the samples of rainy season than the same samples of the winter.

Essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation of Adhatoda vasica (Nees.) leaves was analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Hydrodistillation of the Adhatoda vasica (Nees.) leaves yielded 0.096% (v/w) of essential oil. Eleven compounds comprising about 100% of the total oil were identified. The most abundant components of essential oil were 1,2,3, trimethyl benzene (1.51 %), borneol (58.60 %), ethanonaphthalene (2.82 %), 1,1,4a trimethyl-5,6-dimethylenedecahydro naphthalene (5.28 %), 2,tert-butyl-1,4- dimethoxy benzene (6.50 %), bicyclo[jundec-4-ene,4,11-trimethyl-8-methylene (14.56 %), hexa- methyl dewar benzene (0.87 %), alphacaryophyllene (1.95 %), cycloproplejazulene (1.48 %), caryophyllene oxide (2.35 %) and 2-naphthalenemethanol (1.46 %). The microbial activity of the oil was screened against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli. It was found that all mentioned microorganisms were more or less sensitive to this essential oil. Key Words: Adhatoda vasica; Essential oil; Chemical composition; Antimicrobial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8185 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 191-194, 2011

Thirty two strains of Salmonella were isolated from the samples collected from different poultry farm of Chittagong City. Isolated organisms were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test against seven different standard antibiotics. Most of the strains tested were resistant to four antibiotics; 93.75% were resistant to co-trimaxazole, while 90.62% were resistant to cephotaxime, nalidixic acid and Tetracycline each. In this study, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were found to be the most potent drugs, (78.125%) were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin & (78.125%) were sensitive to gentamicin. Antimicrobial activity of bark extract of T. arjuna against 13 selected isolates of Salmonella were then determined. During the course of the anti-microbial screening it was found that among the 13 selected isolates, Salmonella (L3-B1), Salmonella (L5-X4), Salmonella (F-X2) and Salmonella (S2-B1) showed good sensitivity to crude extract of T. arjuna.