Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used to monitor forests. Three-dimensional models of tropical rainforest canopies can be constructed from overlapping photos using Structure from Motion (SfM), but it is often impossible to map the ground elevation directly from such data because canopy gaps are rare in rainforests. Without knowledge of the terrain elevation, it is, thus, difficult to accurately measure the canopy height or forest properties, including the recovery stage and aboveground carbon density. Working in an Indonesian ecosystem restoration landscape, we assessed how well SfM derived the estimates of the canopy height and aboveground carbon density compared with those from an airborne laser scanning (also known as LiDAR) benchmark. SfM systematically underestimated the canopy height with a mean bias of approximately 5 m. The linear models suggested that the bias increased quadratically with the top-of-canopy height for short, even-aged, stands but linearly for tall, structurally complex canopies (>10 m). The predictions based on the simple linear model were closely correlated to the field-measured heights when the approach was applied to an independent survey in a different location ( R 2 = 67% and RMSE = 1.85 m), but a negative bias of 0.89 m remained, suggesting the need to refine the model parameters with additional training data. Models that included the metrics of canopy complexity were less biased but with a reduced R 2 . The inclusion of ground control points (GCPs) was found to be important in accurately registering SfM measurements in space, which is essential if the survey requirement is to produce small-scale restoration interventions or to track changes through time. However, at the scale of several hectares, the top-of-canopy height and above-ground carbon density estimates from SfM and LiDAR were very similar even without GCPs. The ability to produce accurate top-of-canopy height and carbon stock measurements from SfM is game changing for forest managers and restoration practitioners, providing the means to make rapid, low-cost surveys over hundreds of hectares without the need for LiDAR.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung berdasarkan susuanan bilah kearah tebal dan pengaruh berat labur terhadap sifat fisika dan  mekanikanya.  Metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan dua perlakuan berat labur serta tiga kali ulangan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan mengenai sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung dengan susunan bilah ke arah tebal: sifat fisika memiliki nilai rata-rata kadar air sebesar13,128%, kerapatan sebesar 0,459 gram/cm3, pengembangan tebal sebesar 4,206%, penyusutan tebal sebesar 5,044%, MoE sebesar10001,776 kgf/cm2 dan MoR sebesar 267,401 kgf/cm2. Berat labur tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung kecuali pada pengujian penyusutan tebal.  Berdasarkan kelas kuat papan laminasi maka papan laminasi bambu petung masuk dalam kelas kuat III yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bangunan seperti rangka pintu, jendela, panel, perabot rumah tangga dan industri kayu.

Introduction: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been a growing trend in the field of medicine due to its broad range of application and is considered safe from bloodborne diseases. Furthermore, various studies have tried to optimize the use of autologous PRP through various preparation protocols, including PRP activation. However, most of the studies available have not evaluated the safety for intravenous delivery of PRP, especially autologous activated PRP (aaPRP). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety of intravenous delivery of aaPRP.Methods: Blood was drawn from each patient and aaPRP was isolated through calcium activation and light irradiation. Each aaPRP was administered intravenously to all patients. Adverse events were documented and analyzed.Results: Six hundred eleven patients participated in this study with a total of 4244 aaPRP therapies. Quality control of autologous aaPRP showed no platelets present after both calcium activation and light irradiation. No adverse events such as allergic reaction, infection, and coagulation problems were observed on all patients over the course of the study.Conclusion: Our results showed that intravenous administration of autologous aaPRP is safe even in patients with various pathological conditions.

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