This study was conducted to identify the antimelanogenic components from Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (black radish). Phytochemical study with the ethanol extract of black radish roots resulted in the isolation of six compounds: 3-(E)-(methylthio)methylene-2-pyrrolidinethione (1), ascorbigen (2), β-sitosterol (3), palmitic acid (4), α-linolenic acid (5), and 1-linoleonyl glycerol (6). Among the isolates, the thione 1 efficiently inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Western blotting analysis for the key melanogenic enzymes showed that compound 1 decreased tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 expressions. These results demonstrated that the black radish extract including pyrrolidinethione 1 could be useful as antimelanogenic agents in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.
In this study, the extract from Pourthiaea villosa Decne branches was investigated and their anti‐inflammatory constituents were identified. The prepared ethanol extract was fractionated successively to afford n‐hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n‐butanol, and aqueous layers. In the examination of the anti‐inflammatory activities, EtOAc layer was observed to have good nitric oxide production inhibitory property in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Phytochemical studies for EtOAc layer led to isolation of eight constituents such as ursolic acid (1), arjunolic acid (2), daucosterol (3), myricanol (4), gallic acid (5), myricetin (6), myricitrin (7), and quercitrin (8). The isolate 4 efficiently inhibited nitric oxide production in a dose‐dependent manner in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. The production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme protein was decreased by compound 4, which showed that the observed NO inhibition could be interconnected to down‐expression of iNOS protein. In addition, compound 4 reduced the production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in a concentration‐dependent manner. This study demonstrated that the P. villosa extract containing myricanol (4) could be considered potential anti‐inflammatory agents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
Development of bioactive ingredients from natural sources has long been the research project of our laboratory. In this study, the extract from Corylus hallaisanensis Nakai branches was investigated and their antiinflammatory constituents were identified. The prepared ethanol extract was successively partitioned into nhexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous layers. Upon anti-inflammatory screenings, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited good nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Further phytochemical studies for the ethyl acetate fractions led to isolation of four constituents such as βsitosterol (1), 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (2), carpinontriol A (3) and carpinontriol B (4). All of the compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. The isolates 2, 3 and 4 showed considerable inhibition on the production of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cell without causing cell toxicities. And compounds 3 and 4 reduced the production of interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, in dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on these results, C. hallaisanensis extracts could be potentially applicable as anti-inflammatory agents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
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