A highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter with scintillator strip readout is being developed for future linear collider experiments. A prototype of 21.5 X 0 depth and 180 × 180 mm 2 transverse dimensions was constructed, consisting of 2160 individually read out 10 ×45 × 3 mm 3 scintillator strips. This prototype was tested using electrons of 2 -32 GeV at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in 2009. Deviations from linear energy response were less than 1.1%, and the intrinsic energy resolution was determined to be (12.5 ± 0.1(stat.) ± 0.4(syst.))%/ E[ GeV] ⊕ (1.2 ± 0.1(stat.) +0.6 −0.7 (syst.))%, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical and systematic sources, respectively.
This paper presents results obtained with the combined CALICE Scintillator Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter and Tail Catcher & Muon Tracker, three high granularity scintillator-silicon photomultiplier calorimeter prototypes. The response of the system to pions with momenta between 4 GeV/c and 32 GeV/c is analysed, including the average energy response, resolution, and longitudinal shower profiles. Two techniques are applied to reconstruct the initial particle energy from the measured energy depositions; a standard energy reconstruction which is linear in the measured depositions and a software compensation technique based on reweighting individually measured depositions according to their hit energy. The results are compared to predictions of the G 4 physics lists QGSP_BERT_HP and FTFP_BERT_HP. K : Calorimeter methods; Calorimeters; Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc); Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes)
A: For the past few years we have been developing position sensitive silicon detectors (PSDs) which have an electrode at each of four corners so that incident position of a charged particle can be obtained with signal from the electrodes. It is expected that the position resolution of the silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) of the International Large Detector (ILD) will be improved by introducing PSDs to detection layers. In the previous production we found that the charge separation is not optimal due to the readout impedance. To solve the issue, we produced new PSDs with higher surface resistance with an additional resistive layer on the surface. We also implemented several techniques to decrease position distortion and increase signal-tonoise ratio which are essential for optimal position resolution. We present first measurements of the performance of one new PSD using a strontium 90 source, and using the Skiroc2-CMS ASIC.
SUMMARYA differential pair of convergent and divergent lenses with adjustable lens spacing ("differential lens") was devised as a varifocal lens and was successfully integrated into an object-space telecentric lens to build a focus mechanism with constant magnification. This integration was done by placing the front principal point of the varifocal lens at the rear focal point of the telecentric lens within a practical tolerance of positioning. Although the constant-magnification focus mechanism is a parallel projection system, a system for perfect perspective projection imaging without shifting the projection center during focusing could be built simply by properly setting this focus mechanism between an image-taking lens with image-space telecentricity and an image sensor. The focus resolution experimentally obtained was 0.92 μm (σ) for the parallel projection system with a depth range of 1.0 mm and this was 0.25 mm (σ) for the perspective projection system with a range from 120 to 350 mm within a desktop space. A marginal image resolution of 100 lp/mm was obtained with optical distortion of less than 0.2% in the parallel projection system. The differential lens could work up to 55 Hz for a sinusoidal change in lens spacing with a peak-to-valley amplitude of 425 μm when a tiny divergent lens that was plano-concave was translated by a piezoelectric positioner. Therefore, images that were entirely in focus were generated at a frame rate of 30 Hz for an object moving at a speed of around 150 mm/s in depth within the desk top space. Thus, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging that provided 3-D resolution based on fast focusing was accomplished in both microscopic and macroscopic spaces.
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