An electrostatic complex of 0.1% benzethonium chloride (BTC) plus 0.05% copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid was evaluated in vitro for antibacterial effect. The complex by itself showed as much antibacterial activity as 0.1% BTC. The adsorption of 14C-BTC on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks and teeth in vitro was lower from the complex than the BTC solution, although in vivo activity was the same. The complex, BTC, and polymer solutions were evaluated in a 28-week study in 16 beagle dogs against plaque, gingivitis, and calculus formation. BTC and the complex significantly (alpha = 0.05) reduce plaque and gingivitis. There was no significant difference between the two active groups. BTC (0.1%) significantly increased calcified deposits at 22-28 wk compared to the water control group, while the complex and the polymer groups showed significantly (alpha = 0.05) less calculus. Thus, the complex was not only effective in vivo, but also significantly (alpha = 0.05) reduced tendencies of cationic antibacterials to induce calcified deposits on teeth.
EIGHTY-FIVE Sprague-Dawley rats were used in two experiments to determine the conditions necessary to permit transepithelial penetration by deleterious macromolecules in murine oral mucosa. In experiment one, Group I was a water and diet control; Group II mucosa was treated with hyaluronidase; Group III with streptococcal polysaccharide; and Group IV with hyaluronidase, followed by treatment with the polysaccharide. In the second experiment, the histological effects of the streptococcal polysaccharide were quantified by administering a series of concentrations, from 10 mg/ml to 100 microgram/ml. The results suggest that tissue-damaging plaque components, such as hyaluronidase and polysaccharide, act in combination to pass through the epithelial structures into the subjacent connective tissues to cause destructive changes in rat gingiva. Such changes may possibly be related to those seen in the periodontium when it is adjacent to dental plaque.
Beagle dogs were treated with 0.1 % aqueous solution of benzethonium chloride or with water for 27 weeks and for an additional three weeks to ascertain whether or not the plaque inhibiting effect of BTC was altered because of initial long‐term treatment. The results of this study show 0.1 % BTC significantly reduced plaque and gingivitis in beagles for 27 weeks, This plaque inhibitory effect of BTC was maintained in the subsequent three weeks, suggesting that its initial 27 weeks usage did not result in a change of “oral flora” that affected its efficacy.
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