Results indicate that on-axis OCCIs are a reliable and practical way of reducing preexisting corneal astigmatism. The change in SE was negligible and thus can be ignored during biometry.

The most common clinical scenario for patients presenting with presumed infectious endophthalmitis in this series was in the perioperative setting. We did not find that the prognosis was influenced by the microbiological isolate or clinical setting. However, those patients presenting with poor acuities typically had the worst outcomes. Pacific ethnicity was also associated with increased rate of complications.

The estimated incidence of DNFV during phacoemulsification surgery in the UK is two or three per 1000 operations. Risk factors have been identified that should help to guide case selection for phacoemulsification surgery and modify techniques.

DNFV complicating cataract surgery was followed by a secondary procedure in 97% of cases. About three-quarters (77%) of "primary IOLs" inserted at the time of DNFV were subsequently removed or replaced, and eyes that had received a primary IOL had significantly less chance of being pseudophakic at final follow-up than eyes that had been left primarily aphakic at the time of the complicated cataract surgery. The delay before secondary intervention was shorter, fragmatome ultrasound lensectomy use was higher, and the retinal detachment rate was lower than in previous studies. Affected eyes still had a worse outcome in terms of visual acuity compared with eyes after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

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Aims/hypothesisMicrovascular dysfunction is associated with end-organ damage. Macular oedema is an important component of diabetic retinopathy. Macular thickness can be accurately quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT), enabling accurate assessment of the macular prior to clinically apparent abnormalities. We investigated whether macular (fovea) thickness in non-diabetic individuals is related to the microvascular variables controlling fluid filtration across a blood vessel wall, in particular capillary pressure and the microvascular filtration capacity (Kf).MethodsWe recruited 50 non-diabetic individuals (25 men, 25 women; age range: 26–78 years; BMI range: 20–46 kg/m2). Fovea thickness was assessed by OCT. Microvascular assessments included: finger nailfold capillary pressure; Kf; microvascular structural assessments, i.e. skin vasodilatory capacity, minimum vascular resistance (MVR) and microvascular distensibility; and endothelial function.ResultsAt 214.6 (19.9) µm (mean [SD]), fovea thickness was within normal range. Capillary pressure, adjusted for BMI, was associated with fovea thickness (standardised beta 0.573, p = 0.006, linear regression). Fovea thickness was not associated with Kf, microvascular structural assessments or endothelial function. Capillary pressure was still associated with fovea thickness when adjusted for microvascular variables (Kf, vasodilatory capacity, MVR, microvascular distensibility or endothelial function), or for risk factors for diabetes (systemic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, glycaemic status and lipids) and age.Conclusions/interpretationCapillary pressure, a key determinant of movement of fluid across a blood vessel wall, is associated with fovea thickness in non-diabetic individuals. This suggests that with regard to potential preventative or therapeutic targets, attention should be directed at the mechanisms determining retinal microvascular pressure.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1805-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

Fig. Ib) but exact localisation of the foreign body in relation to adjacent ocular structures was not possible. UBM more clearly identified a foreign body lying on the posterior iris surface, close to the iris root and not involving the ciliary body. This showed up as a dense echo from the iris and the posterior iris surface (Fig. Ic). Right phacoemulsification of the cataract with intraocular lens implant was performed followed by a peripheral iridectomy with removal of the foreign body within the resected iris. A 10.0 prolene suture was used to close the iridectomy medially so that a smaller peripheral iridectomy was achieved. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient regained 6/6 vision 3 days after surgey.