An in vitro study of rottweiler and racing greyhound cranial cruciate ligaments revealed that the rottweiler ligaments had a significantly greater cross-sectional area at their distal attachments. Mechanical testing showed that the ultimate load related to body mass was significantly higher in the extended racing greyhound stifle during cranial tibial loading to failure, as were linear stiffness, tensile strength and tangent modulus. During ligament axis loading to failure, the only significant difference in structural and mechanical properties recorded between the two breeds was a greater ultimate strain for the greyhound ligament with the stifle joint flexed. Energy absorbed by the ligament complex at failure during cranial tibial loading was twice that for ligament axis loading for both breeds. The clinical significance is that the rottweiler cranial cruciate ligament is more vulnerable to damage as it requires half the load per unit body mass that the greyhound requires to cause a rupture.

SUMMARY A study of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait was performed on 134 normal children, 68 boys and 66 girls, aged between three and 18 years. Normal gait showed a clear asymmetry; gait was considered to be abnormally asymmetrical if differences between left and right measurements exceeded 8 to 10 per cent. In addition, there was a definite bias corirparing left and right sides, which may relate to individual laterality. RÉSUMÉ Paramètres spatiaux et temporaux de la démarche chez I ‘ensant. I: Données des contrǒles normaux Une étude des paramètres spatiaux et temporaux de la demarche a Aeté effectuée chez 134 enfants norrnaux, 68 garcons et 66 filles, ǎgés de trois a 18 ans. La demarche normale révélait une assymétrié nette lasque les parametres droits et gauches étaient comparés; la dAemarche ne peut ětre considérée comme assymetriquement pathologique que si les differences des mesures droites et gauches dépassent 8 à 10 pour cent. De plus, il y a un biais defini dans la comparaison droite/gauche qui peut ěré relié a la latérahti individuelle. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Zeiiliche und räumlictie Paranieter des Gehens bei Kitidern. I: Normale Kontrolldaren Bei 134 gesunden Kindern, 68 Jungen und 66 Mädchen im Alter von drei bis 18 Jahren, wurde eine Ganguntersuchung durchgeführt. Beim Vergleich der linken and rechten Parameter weist der normale Gang eine deutliche Asymrnetrie auf; der Gang kann als abnorm asymmetrisch angesehen werden, wenn die Unterschiede zwischen linken und rechten Messungrn 8 bis 10 Prozent überschreiten. Aunβerdem gibt es eine definierte Neigung beim Vergleich der linken und rechten Seite, die vielleicht mit der individuellen Setesndominanz zusammenhängt. RESUMEN Parámetros temporales y espaciales de la marcha en ninCos. I: Datos normales de control Se realizó un estudio de los parámetros espaciales y temporales de la marcha en 134 ninCos norrnales. 68 varones y 66 hembras, de edad entre tres y 18 años. La marcha normal muestra una Clara asimetria al comparar los parámetro; derechos e izquierdos; la marcha puede ser considerada como asimétricamente anormal si las diferencias entre las mediciones entre la derecha y la izquierda sobrepasan el 8 por ciento. Además hay un sesgo bien definido comparando los lados derecho e izquierdo, lo que puede estar en relacion con la lateralidad individual.

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We have investigated the effect of currents induced by electromagnetic fields on the healing of the tibia of sheep after osteotomy, using objective and quantifiable criteria wherever possible. A battery-powered, induction apparatus was developed and was enclosed within the cast applied to the limb, so that the treated fractures received pulsed magnetic fields for 24 hours a day while the animals were freely mobile. In all, 13 sheep were treated and 13 were used as controls. The response was assessed by radiography of the limb and of the excised bone, by histology, including measurement of the areas of callus, fibrocallus and cortical bone, and by measurement of the uptake and extraction of bone-seeking mineral. All the bones healed and no statistically significant differences between the treated animals and the controls were discovered except (at only P less than 0.05) in the uptake of bone-seeking mineral; this increased more rapidly in treated animals over the two to three weeks after osteotomy, although at six weeks the uptake in both groups was the same.