Rumen degradability of protein and amino acids were estimated using the nylon bag technique in four different roughages: cocksfoot, vetch whole crop, clover grass, and lucerne pellets after incubation in the rumen for 4 or 16 h, respectively. Intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids were estimated by the mobile nylon bag technique in the intact protein and in residues pre-incubated in the rumen for 16 h. Degradability of total amino acid nitrogen followed the same trend as for nitrogen, whereas notable differences were observed for individual amino acids, especially for methionine. Intestinal digestibility of intact feed protein varied between 0.820 and 0.887 for nitrogen, and between 0.869 and 0.931 for total amino acid nitrogen. Among the individual amino acids only cystine differed markedly from the mean value for total amino acids. Intestinal digestibility of 16 h rumen pre-incubated protein was much lower than for the intact protein and varied between 0.444 and 0.748 for nitrogen, and between 0.559 and 0.844 for total amino acid nitrogen. In all samples tested a higher digestibility was observed for total amino acid nitrogen compared to total nitrogen.
Faba bean hulls fed at the rate of 18.3% DM of the diet decreased crude protein digestibility (P<0.01) and increased N-retention (3.8 g vs 5.5 g) in growing sheep. Significantly higher glucose level and decreased urea content in blood serum has been found within experimental animals.
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the phytogenic product, Ruchamax® (Ayurvet, India), on the productivity of sows and the performance of their first litters. Ruchamax® contains a blend of herbal extracts from Adrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus emblica, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum. It was incorporated into a lactation concentrate mixture (E) at an inclusion rate of 1 kg per 1000 kg. A total of 40 primiparous sows (PIC) were allocated to two equal groups: untreated (control (C)) and herb-supplemented (E). Treatments were from day 1 to 28 of lactation. Nursing sows fed the herbsupplemented diet had significantly increased average daily feed intake (5.84 vs. 5.46 kg) and milk output (7.58 vs. 6.71 kg). The experimental factor had a positive effect on the condition of sows (lower reduction of thickness during lactation). Changes in backfat thickness (farrowing-weaning) were significantly different (−6.45 vs. −9.40 mm). There were no differences in initial litter size and litter birth weight (BW) between groups. The average BW of piglets was similar (ca. 1.6 kg) in both groups. The herb-supplemented diet affected 28-day litter weight (69.95 vs. 63.40 kg), average piglet body weight (7.27 vs. 6.74 kg) and daily litter growth rate (1.79 vs. 1.68 kg) significantly compared with the control. It can be concluded that the sows receiving an herb-supplemented diet were characterized by better productivity indices than the control group.
Amino acid composition, in situ ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and individual amino acids (AA) of fresh and ensiled galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) were determined and their nutritional value calculated according to INRA (1988). Total AA (Trp excluded) in forage (1 st cut, budding) was 81.3 g/16 g N, decreasing to 71.3 g/16 g N in wilted silage + Kemisile 2000 (4 l/ton). The in situ degradation coefficients (k=0.06) for CP and DM in galega forage were higher than in silage (69.5 and 64.4 vs 56.4 and 45.1%); similar relationships were found for total AA degradation after 16 h incubation in the rumen (87.4 vs 66.9%). The mobile nylon bag intestinal digestibility of CP, total AA and DM in wilted silage vs forage was 61.5 and 68.2; 71.6 and 74.2; 21.1 and 23.5%, respectively. The content of PDIA, PDIN and PDIE in galega fodder was slightly higher than in lucerne forage and silage; the energy values were close.
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