The effect of bale density and addition of formic acid on the &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; dry matter and crude protein degradation of lucerne, red clover and red fescue silages

Purwin, Cezary; Fijałkowska, Maja; Kowalik, Barbara; Skorko-Sajko, H.; Nogalski, Zenon; Pysera, Barbara

doi:10.22358/jafs/65707/2014

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The NPN proportion in R50 treatment was closer to R100 than R0 on d 30 numerically, which indicated that a beneficial effect from red clover component existed during the ensiling. Compared with alfalfa, red clover showed weaker proteolysis as expected (Purwin et al, 2014a). Although the reported literature has not focused on the dynamics of proteolysis in ensiled red clover, our study confirms that there were patterns of changes in the soluble N fractions with ensiling time similar to alfalfa even though concentrations may have been different across treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study was conducted to study the effects of ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) at different ratios on dynamics of fermentation parameters, N distribution, protein fractions, and protease activities during ensiling. Alfalfa and red clover were harvested and wilted to 35 and 25% dry matter, respectively, chopped to 1 cm, mixed, weighed into 1.0-L buckets at a density of 700 g/L, and ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 15, and 30 d at 30°C. The treatments were mixing ratio of alfalfa to red clover at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 (R0, R30, R50, R70, and R100, respectively; fresh weight). For each ensiling duration, 3 replicates of each treatment were prepared. With increasing proportion of red clover in silage, total N content and proportions of nonprotein N, peptide N, free amino acid N, and NH-N decreased linearly, and PC (indigestible true protein, acid detergent insoluble N) proportion increased linearly after ensiling. Moreover, the final pH was lower in R50 and R100 than R0 (4.29, 4.20 vs. 4.48, respectively) on d 30. Also, lactic acid concentration on d 30 was higher in R50, R70, and R100 silage compared with R0 (7.77, 7.66, and 8.76 vs. 6.34, % of dry matter, respectively). The proportion of NH-N in R50 was lower than in R0 but closer to R100 after ensiling. During ensiling, proteases including carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and acid proteinase activities decreased as red clover proportion increased. However, no differences were detected in aminopeptidase and acid proteinase activities among R50, R70, and R100 during ensiling. Overall, 50:50 was the optimal mixing ratio of alfalfa with red clover, showing good fermentation quality with lower pH and higher lactic acid concentration, reduced protease activities and proteolysis compared with pure alfalfa silage, and also more total N content than pure red clover silage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In most cases, silage is made from grass wilted to 40% DM and placed in bunker silos, which prevents secondary fermentation without the need to use expensive additives. However, it may also lead to non-uniform packing density and insufficient compaction of the forage in horizontal silos, excessive heating and feedout losses, thus decreasing the energy value of silage, protein quality and silage intake (Purwin et al, 2014a). Silage made from high-wilted grass is characterized by a lower rate of organic matter digestibility in comparison with silage made from unwilted grass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fattening performance of crossbred (Polish Holstein-Friesian × Hereford, Limousin or Charolais) bulls and steers offered high-wilted grass silage-based rations

Purwin

Wyżlic

Wielgosz-Groth

et al. 2016

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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In Poland beef cattle are usually fed high-wilted grass silage offered ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate, whereas 'Limousin', 'Charolais' and 'Hereford' bulls are the most frequently crossed with dairy cows to produce beef hybrids. The aim of this study was to determine the fattening performance of hybrids produced by crossing 'Polish Holstein-Friesian' (PHF) cows with 'Hereford' (HH), 'Limousin' (LM) and 'Charolais' (CH) bulls, fed silage made from high-wilted grass and supplemented with a small amount of concentrate, depending on sire breed and category. The experimental materials comprised 24 bulls and 24 steers, including 8 PHF × HH, 8 PHF × LM and 8 PHF × CH crosses with initial body weight of approximately 300 kg in each group. The animals were fed grass silage with a DM content of 417 g kg -1 , supplemented with concentrate at 35 g DM kg -1 W 0.75 , for 250 d. Steers were characterized by higher total DM intake per unit of metabolic body weight (P < 0.05): 92.8 vs. 87.0 g; 94.1 vs. 84.6 g; 88.6 vs. 87.0 g (PHF × HH; PHF × LM; PHF × CH, respectively) and bulls -by higher average carcass weight gains (P < 0.01): 700 vs. 631 g; 654 vs. 579 g; 633 vs. 574 g and carcass dressing percentage (P < 0.01): 60.0 vs. 56.4%; 60.2 vs. 58.9%; 60.2 vs. 56.6% (PHF × HH; PHF × LM; PHF × CH, respectively) and better (P < 0.01) silage DM, total DM, crude protein, and net energy utilization. Sire breed had no significant effect on the analyzed parameters of fattening performance but numerically PHF × HH crosses had the highest productivity parameters.Key words: Breed, bulls, fattening performance, highwilted grass silage, steers. ABSTRACTFattening performance of crossbred (Polish Holstein-Friesian × Hereford, Limousin or Charolais) bulls and steers offered highwilted grass silage-based rations

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“…The chemical composition of herbages, silages are presented in Table 1 and dried samples used for in situ rumen degradability are presented in Table 2 . 1 data published in our previous paper (Fijałkowska et al, 2017); 2 chemical composition of alfalfa silage reported in our previous paper (Purwin et al, 2014); DMdry matter, CPcrude protein, WSCwater soluble carbohydrates, NDFneutral detergent fibre, ADFacid detergent fibre, ADLacid detergent lignin…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Herbage and Silagementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Herbage and silage samples, as well as their dried samples used for in situ rumen degradability, were assayed for proximate chemical composition: DM (method 934.01), crude protein (CP; N × 6.25, method 976.05), crude fibre (method 978.10), ether extract (method 920.39) and crude ash (method 942.05), as described by AOAC International ( 2005), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) by the anthrone method (Thomas, 1977), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) assayed with heat-stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) expressed exclusive of residual ash and acid detergent lignin (ADL) according to Van Soest et al (1991) using the ANKOM220 fibre analyser (ANKOM Technology Corp., Macedon, NY, USA). The chemical composition and fermentation products of the first swath Virginia fanpetals (herbage and silage) and alfalfa silage were reported in detail in our previous papers (Purwin et al, 2014;Fijałkowska et al, 2017). The chemical composition of herbages, silages are presented in Table 1 and dried samples used for in situ rumen degradability are presented in Table 2 .…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Herbage and Silagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ rumen degradability of alfalfa silage cv. Alba ensiled without additives after wilting in bale (density about 189 kg DM/m 3 ) was performed at The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences (Jabłonna, Poland) by the same staff and determined by the same method using 3 rumen fistulated Jersey heifers and was published by Purwin et al (2014).…”

Section: Rumen Degradability Of Herbage and Silagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ruminal degradability of Virginia fanpetals (<i>Sida hermaphrodita</i>) herbage and silage depending on the harvest time

Michalski¹,

Borsuk²,

Nogalski³

et al. 2020

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The effect of bale density and addition of formic acid on the <i>in situ</i> dry matter and crude protein degradation of lucerne, red clover and red fescue silages

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling

Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling

Fattening performance of crossbred (Polish Holstein-Friesian × Hereford, Limousin or Charolais) bulls and steers offered high-wilted grass silage-based rations

Ruminal degradability of Virginia fanpetals (<i>Sida hermaphrodita</i>) herbage and silage depending on the harvest time

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