Multi-flux theory for multiple scattering calculations in pigmented/protective coating is described. Performance evaluation of the theory is made by comparing theoretically computed reflectance with experimentally measured ones for selected wavelengths for three different paint samples. Diffuse reflectance spectra for hypothetical particulate systems in visible spectral range are generated through computer calculations. Effect of variation in average pigment size and pigment size distribution on reflectance spectra is studied. Overall thrust of morphological characteristics of pigments on the color exhibited by paint dispersion is studied by calculating CIE color and colordifference parameters of particulate systems. Results show that a very complex relationship exists between the morphological characteristics of pigments and color exhibited by the system. The outcome of the study is important for applications in paint, coating, and plastic industries. FIG. 15. Particle size distribution curves of pigments for different polydispersity parameters, for geometrical mean value of particle size r ϭ 0.08 micron.
Introduction: Dental trauma has emerged as a significant aspect of dental public health. Traumatized teeth require early and appropriate treatment, which frequently relies on the competence of the dentists, doctors, and nurses who provide the primary care. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of paramedical students about the emergency management of avulsed tooth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions was designed and circulated among 365 paramedical students (nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy) of Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India, to assess their knowledge and attitude about the emergency management of avulsed tooth. Descriptive statistics were applied by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: Total 260 (71.23%, mean age of 23 years) students responded, with 71 students from Physiotherapy, 106 from Nursing and 83 from Pharmacy. A total of. 178 (68.46%) students comprehend the meaning of avulsion. While 193 (74.23%) students had knowledge that tooth re-implantation is possible. Of all the respondents, 192 students (73.84%) were familiar about the benefit of mouth guards for prevention of sports injury and 125 students (48.07%) opined that it is very important to be acquainted with emergency management of dental trauma. Conclusion: Though the paramedical students had good understanding about tooth avulsion, they were unaware about the emergency management of the situation. This warrants the need of incorporating training programmes dedicated to the subject in their curriculum.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.