ВОЖЕГОВА Р.А.-доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор, член-кореспондент Національної академії аграрних наук України https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-5633 Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України БАЛАШОВА Г.С.-доктор сільськогосподарських наук, старший науковий співробітник https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-621X Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України БОЯРКІНА Л.В.-кандидат сільськогосподарських наук https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-8411 Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України
Визначено вплив основних елементів технологічного процесу вирощування картоплі за краплинного зрошення в умовах півдня України. Максимальну продуктивність забезпечило внесення локально мінеральних добрив у дозі N 60 P 60 K 60 за підтримання диференційовано за періодами росту та розвитку рослин передполивної вологості ґрунту 80-80-70 % НВ в розрахунковому шарі 0-60 см. Ефективність використання добрив залежно від способів їх внесення становила 30,0-39,6 %. Ключові слова: картопля, краплинне зрошення, розрахунковий шар ґрунту, способи внесення добрив, продуктивність and the production profitability of 160.3 %. Under these conditions the coefficient of water consumption was minimal-97.8 m3/t. The reduction of the calculated layer to 0-20 cm caused the decrease in the yield by 2.9 t/ha or 9.9 %, as compared with 0-60 cm. It became possible due to the reduction of the marketable tuber weight by 11.2 and 6.3%, as compared with the soil layer of 0-60 and 0-40 cm. The application of fertilizers contributes to, on the average by the factor, a substantial increase in the yield-8.5 t/ha or 25.9 %, as compared with the nonfertilized background, where the yield formation takes place at the expense of obtaining tubers of less weight (110.6 against 138.9 g). According to the methods of fertilizer application the tuber yield was on the average 31.6-33.9 t/ha, the efficiency of fertilizer application was 30.0-39.6%.
Aim. To determine optimal factors of impacting the tuberization intensity of the plants of mid-early potato variety Nevska in vitro. Methods. Complex application of the laboratory, mathematical-statistical, calculative- comparative methods and systemic analysis. Results. The experimental data on the impact of photoperiod and acidity of the culture medium (pH) on the tuberization induction in culture in vitro were presented. The dependence of tuberization intensity on pH of the culture medium was demonstrated. Conclusions. Optimal indices of tuberization intensity and economic effi ciency were obtained during in vitro cultivation of the plants of mid-early Nevska variety at the photoperiod of 16 hours and pH of the culture medium of 5.3: tuberization intensity was 83.0 %, the mass of the average microtuber was 612.5 mg, the mass of microtubers per one plant was 514.4 mg, the number of microtubers with the mass over 350 mg – 75.4 % with the production profi tability of 100 % and microtuber cost price of UAH
8.08 (USD 0.3).
Aim. To specify optimal techniques influencing the increase of intensity of potato tuber formation in meristem culture in vitro. Methods. Integrated use of laboratory, mathematical and statistical, calculation and comparison methods and the method of systematic analysis. Results. The paper represents experimental data about the influence of temperature and light intensity on the induction of tuber formation under microclonal reproduction of the health-improved initial material. It proves that the decisive factor in the process of morphogenesis of plants in vitro of the early maturing potato variety Kobza and their productivity is temperature conditions for cultivation. Conclusions. Optimal indexes of productivity and economic efficiency are maintained by growing test-tube plants under the temperature of cultivation of 14–16ºC and the light intensity of 3000 lux. The number of microtubers per plant was 1.2 pieces, the weight of an average microtuber was 262.0 mg, the weight of microtubers per plant was 363.7 mg, the number of microtubers weighing more than 350.0 mg was 20.9 %; the cost price of microtubers was 5.31 UAH with the profitability of 201 %.
Keywords: potato, microtubers, temperature mode, light intensity, in vitro.
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