Recently, many researchers have been applied zeolitic materials for dye wastewater treatment by adsorption method because of more practical and economical without requiring a lot of solvents. However, the presence of natural zeolite is limited and only available in a specific area. In this research, pumice stones containing the main components of silicate and aluminate were used as an alternative material to synthesize zeolite. The ability of pumice and zeolite was also tested for adsorbing one of cationic dyes, namely methylene blue (MB). Zeolites were synthesized through the hydrothermal method in high pH conditions and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization results revealed that the addition of an alkaline solution changed the molecular structure of pumice into Na-P1 zeolite and caused differences in dye adsorption capacity. The adsorption efficiency of pumice was only achieved 65.83% with the MB uptake as much as 5.89 mg/g at the MB concentration of 50 mg/L for 24 hours, while the Na-P1 zeolite was able to adsorb MB molecules almost 100% with the uptake capacity up to 9.12 mg/g.
Zeolit adalah mineral aluminosilika berpori mikro sehingga memiliki permukaan yang luas. Permukaannya yang luas menyebabkan zeolit umum digunakan sebagai adsorben. Zeolit X termasuk dalam struktur Faujasit dan biasa mengikat kation natrium. Kation yang terikat pada zeolit dapat ditukar dengan kation lainnya, seperti kation logam transisi. Kation logam transisi seperti [Ag(NH3)2]+ biasa digunakan sebagai pendeteksi gugus aldehida atau biasa dikenal sebagai pereaksi Tollens. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis komposit adsorben zeolit X/oksida perak dan zeolit X/oksida tembaga melalui reaksi Tollens. Komposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan scanning electron microscope menunjukkan permukaan milik komposit lebih kasar dari pada permukaan zeolit X. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai model untuk adsorpsi ialah, gas amonia. Komposit yang dihasilkan ada tiga jenis berdasarkan tahapan penambahan zeolit pada proses sintesis, yaitu setelah penambahan prekursor (komposit 1), setelah penambahan NH4OH (komposit 2), dan setelah pemanasan (komposit 3). Komposit yang dihasilkan mampu meningkatkan adsorpsi amonia hingga 2 kali lipat daripada zeolit X.
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