<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper describes the development of geospatial-based disaster management system for an agency at regional level. Important aspects of the system such as spatial data, geospatial database, interface and specific modules for the disaster management system form major discussions of this paper. The <i>Pengerang Disaster Management System</i> (PDMS) is being developed for a local authority in one of the Malaysian states who’s been given a task to monitor the surrounding environmental aspects. The local authority manages one of the largest oil and gas refinery plant in South East Asia region in collaboration with national oil company, PETRONAS. The PDMS, is a one-stop centre (dashboard) for managing the operations with other agencies or stakeholders such as police, marine, army, medical team, fire and rescue units. We anticipate many aspects of disaster management could trigger from this pilot project and thus provide some interesting ideas for a local authority in managing man-made disaster such as fire, other oil and gas related incidents. Some features of the developed system such as online map publishing services, data flow and other geospatial analysis during the event will be discussed in this paper. Near-future work and a big picture of the disaster management approach (with an emphasis to oil and gas incident and scenario) also will be highlighted.</p>
Abstract. CityGML model-based is now a norm for smart city or digital twin city development for better planning, management, risk-related modelling and other applications. CityGML comes with five levels of details (LoD, in version 2.0) of buildings. The LoDs are also known as pre-defined multi-scale models requiring a large storage-memory-graphic consumption than a single scale model. LoD CityGML models are primarily constructed using point cloud measurements and images of multiple systems, resulting in a range of accuracies and detailed model representations. Additionally, it entails several software, procedures, and formats for the construction of the respective LoDs prior to the final result in the CityGML schema. Thus, this paper discusses several issues of accuracy and consistency, proposing several quality controls (QC) for multiple data acquisition systems (e.g. airborne laser systems and mobile laser systems), model construction techniques (e.g. LoD1, LoD2, and LoD3), software (interchange formats), and migration to a PostgreSQL database. Additionally, the paper recommends the importance of minimising implementation errors. A scale-specific unique identifier is introduced to link all associated LoDs, enabling cross-LoD information queries within a database. Proper model construction, accuracy control, and format interchange of LoD models in accordance with national and international standards will undoubtedly encourage and expedite data sharing among data owners, agencies, stakeholders, and public users. A summary of the work and accomplishments is included, as well as a plan for future research on this subject.
Abstract. This paper describes the development of 3D database for Istanbul 3D city models. The schema is based on object-relational technology and also called spatially-enhanced relational database management system (SRDBMS). The 3D city models were generated based on LiDAR points cloud with other several typical GIS datasets like terrain, orthophoto, Point of Interests (POIs), and other attribute data. The database is based on PostGIS schema and CityGML schema (3DCityDB). Two major datasets, namely, terrain data (with several formats), and 3D city models were populated in the database. Terrain and attributes data retrieval are based on Web Feature Service (WFS) whereas 3D models were visualized via 3D Tiles format in Cesium platform. Two issues were also highlighted in the paper with respect to 3D attributes linkages and 3D complex objects.
Abstract. 3D city models are increasingly being used to represent the complexity of today’s urban areas, as they aid in understanding how different aspects of a city can function. For instance, several municipalities and governmental organisations have constructed their 3D city models for various purposes. These 3D models, which are normally complex and contain semantics information, have typically been used for visualisation and visual analysis purposes. However, most of the available 3D models open datasets contain many geometric and topological errors, e.g., missing surfaces (holes), self-intersecting surfaces, duplicate vertices, etc. These errors prevent the datasets from being used for advanced applications such as 3D spatial analysis which requires valid datasets and topology to calculate its volume, detect surface orientation, area calculation, etc. Therefore, certain repairs must be done before taking these models into actual applications, and hole-filling (of missing surfaces) is an important one among them. Several studies on the topic of automatic repair of the 3D model have been conducted by various researchers, with different approaches have been developed. Thus, this paper describes a triangular mesh approach for automatically repair invalid (missing surfaces) 3D building model (LOD2). The developed approach demonstrates an ability to repair missing surfaces (with holes) in a 3D building model by reconstructing geometries of the holes of the affected model. The repaired model is validated and produced a closed-two manifold model.
Abstract. Urban infrastructure deals with various objects, such as multi-floor buildings, underground utilities, and other typical two-dimensional (2D) geographic information system (GIS) objects. Currently, Oman and Qatar authorities attempt to manage and handle all these spatial objects and features via spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Qatar has a long tradition of applying SDI, while Oman has made rapid progress in building SDI according to the current practices in this field. Governments in both countries work toward smart cities and e-government to meet the fourth industrial revolution requirements. Current literature, indicate that SDI could be considered a major building block for such smart initiatives in the near future. This paper describes the status and challenges of developing SDI (including 3D SDI) for Oman and Qatar. We anticipated these 2D and 3D SDI initiatives would eventually provide future direction for the smart city and e-government. The current status and challenges form major discussions of this paper. It also discusses 3D SDI development. This paper ends by describing a framework for implementing the 3D SDI. The outcomes could significantly improve the awareness for developing 3D SDI in Oman and Qatar.
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