Silver
nanoparticles (SNPs), owing to their wide range of biomedical
applications, have recently attracted remarkable interest for use
in cancer nanomedicine. The present research work investigated the
anticancer activity of phytosynthesized SNPs against human cancer
cell lines. Phytosynthesis of SNPs was achieved by using an aqueous
extract of Salacia chinensis (SC) bark as a green
source to reduce silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. Characterization
of synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated a UV–visible peak
at 443 nm, ζ-potential (zetasizer) of −25.6 ± 0.34
and particle size (transmission electron microscopy analysis) in the
range of 40–80 nm, which validates formation of stable silver
nanoparticles. The absence of cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblasts
and blood erythrocytes confirms the biocompatible nature of green
synthesized SNPs. In vitro anticancer assay demonstrated IC50 values of 6.31, 4.002, 5.228, 8.452, 14.37, 7.46, and 6.55 μg/mL
against liver (Hep G2), lungs (L-132), pancreas (MIA-Pa-Ca-2), breast
(MDA-MB-231), oral (KB cells), prostate (PC-3), and cervical (HeLa)
cancer cell lines respectively, which confirms its potent anticancer
action. The results of the present study give an experimental proof
that the SC mediated green synthesized SNPs could serve as a promising
anticancer agent to overcome limitations of existing conventional
cancer chemotherapeutics.
Bacterial infections of the central nervous system, especially acute infections such as bacterial meningitis require immediate, invariably empiric antibiotic therapy due to the widespread emergence of resistance among bacterial species. Nosocomial infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been described with an increasing trend towards multidrug resistance. P. aeruginosa isolates n = 53 (66%) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used for this study. Antibiotic resistance in 53 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from 80 CSF samples were evaluated. Of these, n = 42 (80%) of the isolates showed multidrug resistance to more than eight antibiotics and n = 17 (32%) isolates were found to be imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa (IMPR-Pa). Genotypical examination by ERIC based PCR revealed minor genetic variations. Polymicrobial infections are common in the CSF samples. However, high prevalence of P. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen has been developing with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and thus becoming a significant threat.
Multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae showed stepwise adaptation when grown in increasing concentration of Cefotaxime eventually reaching a maximum of 2 mg/ml. The resultant Cefotaxime resistant mutant strain was stable and did not revert to susceptibility on frequent subculturing. The response of the cells to different concentration of Cefotaxime was examined by scanning electron microscope which showed that the size of the bacterium increased with increasing concentration of Cefotaxime.
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