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RESUMO -A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) é uma espécie daninha de difícil manejo, causadora da redução do estande e do rendimento em plantios comerciais das mais variadas culturas. Devido à sua agressividade, capacidade de reprodução, alta dispersão e rusticidade, seu controle é difícil e oneroso. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar métodos alternativos de controle da tiririca baseados na alelopatia e na homeopatia. No manejo com alelopatia, testaram-se extratos aquosos de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes), mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum), alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides) e capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus). Com a homeopatia foi utilizada a escala centesimal hahnemanniana, onde se testaram as dinamizações 3CH, 6CH, 9CH e 12CH. Ambos os experimentos foram conduzidos em caixas gerbox transparentes, contendo areia grossa lavada, grãos de 1 a 3 mm de espessura, e 10 tubérculos sadios de tiririca, distribuídos uniformemente ao longo do recipiente. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, os recipientes foram dispostos em estufa do tipo BOD a 25 o C, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas, onde permaneceram por 15 dias até a avaliação final. O extrato que apresentou o melhor manejo da tiririca foi o de alecrim-pimenta, que diminuiu o percentual de emergência e o vigor das plântulas; o extrato dessa espécie ocasionou maior efeito na redução do comprimento das plântulas de tiririca do que 2,5 kg ha -1 i.a. atrazina -herbicida utilizado para comparação. A homeopatia não apresentou diferença entre as dinamizações, não tendo assim efeito satisfatório no controle da tiririca. Os extratos de capim-limão, mucunapreta e feijão-de-porco não apresentaram efeitos alelopáticos. No entanto, o extrato de alecrim-pimenta é promissor no manejo alternativo de tiririca, sendo necessários novos estudos para elucidação dos princípios químicos envolvidos e da sua real ação no metabolismo da planta.Palavras-chave: alelopatia, extratos aquosos, controle alternativo.ABSTRACT -The nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a harmful weed of difficult control, causing reduction of stand and yield of a wide variety of commercial crops. Due to its aggressiveness, reproduction capacity, high dispersion and rusticity, its control is difficult and costly. The aim of this work was to evaluate alternative methods of nutsedge control based on allelopathy and homeopathy. In the management with allelopathy, aqueous extracts of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes), black velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum), rosemary pepper (Lippia sidoides) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) were tested. With homeopathy, the Hahnemannian centesimal scale was used, testing the 3CH, 6CH, 9CH and 12CH dynamizations. Both experiments were conducted in transparent Gerboxes containing washed coarse sand, 1 to 3 mm thick grains, and 10 healthy nutsedge tubers, distributed evenly within the container. After the application of the treatments, the containers were placed in a BOD germination chamber at 25 o C with a 12 hour photoperiod, where they remained for 15 days until the final evaluation. The ex...

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of magnesium on the gas exchange and photosynthetic efficiency of Coffee seedlings grown in nutrient solution under different light levels. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in growth chambers and nutrient solution at the Department of Plant Pathology of the Federal University of Lavras. The treatments consisted of five different Mg concentrations (0, 48, 96, 192 and 384 mg·L −1 ) and four light levels (80, 160, 240 and 320 µmol photon m −2 ·s −1 ). Both the Mg concentration and light levels affected gas exchange in the coffee plants. Photosynthesis increased linearly with the increasing light, indicating that the light levels tested were low for this crop. The highest CO 2 assimilation rate, lowest transpiration, and highest water use efficiency were observed with 250 mg·Mg·L −1 , indicating that this concentration was the optimal Mg supply for the tested light levels.

The aim of this study was to verify the physiological impacts and the carbohydrate dynamics of Coffea arabica, seedlings subjected to increasing concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and two irradiance levels. Methods: The experiment was carried out in growth chambers with nutrient solution. The treatments were five concentrations of Mg (0, 48, 96, 192, and 384 mg L-1) and two irradiance levels (80 and 320 µmol of photons m-2 s-1). The coffee seedlings were under the treatments for 90 days. Results: The leaves with deficiency or excess of Mg exposed to the irradiance of 320 µmol of photons m-2 s-1 accumulated more carbohydrates than those exposed to 80 µmol of photons m-2 s-1. The accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Leaves exposed to 320 µmol of photons m-2 s-1 exhibited symptoms of scald by the sun caused by photo-oxidation. The scald was more intense in plants with abnormal concentrations of Mg. The antioxidant system of the coffee tree is closely relates to the Mg supply and irradiance levels. Concentrations of Mg between 48 and 96 mg L-1 functioned as a mitigating agent of oxidative stress under stressful conditions caused by high irradiance level.

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