Thirteen ryegrass (Lolium spp.) cultivars and three mixtures of cultivars were evaluated in a series of experiments over four years at two sites in south-eastern Queensland. Stands were sown at 30 kg/ha of viable seed and fertilized with 50 kgN/ha at sowing and after each defoliation. After an establishment period of 6-8 weeks, stands were defoliated every 21 d. Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar was the highest yielding or equally highest yielding cultivar in three of the four years. Its forage production was better distributed over the full growing season (April- December) and its foliage was less affected by leaf rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) than any other single cultivar. L. rigidum cv. Wimmera was the best cultivar for early season production (before June) and the perennial cultivars (L. perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley and [L. multiflorum x L. perenne] x L. perenne cv. Grasslands Ariki) and cv. Midmar were superior late in the season (September-December). There was little difference in the performance of the other annual (L. multiflorum) cultivars before September. Grasslands Tama gave poorest late season yields. The only mixture that yielded more than its individual components was the Grasslands Tama/Grasslands Ariki combination. Its yield and the distribution of that yield were equivalent to cv. Midmar. Midmar had slightly lower nitrogen levels in the foliage than the other cultivars, but differences were not substantial. The relative ranking of ryegrass cultivars for resistance to rust was Midmar > Kangaroo Valley and Grasslands Ariki > Richmond and Tetila > Grasslands Manawa and Grasslands Paroa > Grasslands Tama, Wimmera, Tetrone and Tetralite.
The principles of protein extraction from pasture and techniques applied for isolation of unconventional protein‐ leaf protein concentrates (LPC) from pasture herbage have been described. Comparing various methods used for fractionation of proteins recovered from herbage into food, and/or feed‐grade product, advantages of using the ultrafiltration procedure for preparation of protein concentrates (isolates) from pasture were demonstrated. The potential and possible ways of application of the protein extraction system in agricultural practice were also outlined in relation to modern dairy farming operation.
The response of several tropical legumes, grown with Panicum maximum cv. Gatton, to an initial application of molybdenum as molybdenum trioxide was studied over a five year period at six sites in south-eastern Queensland. The most responsive legumes were Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf, followed by Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River, with Lotononis bainesiicv. Miles and Stylosanthesguianensis cv. Cook being least responsive. Sites differed markedly in magnitude of legume response. For example, the most responsive site required 200 g ha-1 molybdenum over five years for maximum growth of Siratro whereas there was no response of Siratro to molybdenum application at another site. There was no difference between surface-applied molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum trioxide applied to the seed pellet and surface-applied sodium molybdate in their residual effects on legume growth. Response of the grass to molybdenum treatment was generally similar to legume response and nitrogen concentrations in legume and grass increased with yield.
A comparison was made of methods for the evaluation of the available lysine in protein concentrates and diets. Some modifications of the Silcock method, developed by Roach et al. for lysine determination are suggested, and the optimum range of lysine concentration in samples has been evaluated.With animal protein concentrates, the Silcock method for measuring the total and residual lysine, after treatment with l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, gave results in close agreement with those for available lysine obtained using Carpenter's method. The short-column system appeared to be free from carbohydrate interference which with Carpenter's method was probably responsible for higher values for available lysine especially for vegetable protein concentrates and cereal diets. The differences between the methods in values obtained for the available lysine in vegetable protein concentrates were significant.The modified short-column technique improved the separation of ornithine and lysine. The optimum range of lysine concentration that is recommended for application to a column is between 25 and 75 pg in 1 mi. By the use of the technique suggested it is possible to carry out a large number of analyses without the use of the automatic analyser system as used by Roach et al.
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