This selected review of film research from the vast literature on film as a medium of communication attempts to identify those characteristics of variables which research suggests may contribute to the effectiveness of instructional films. The inclusion of studies was largely determined by their relevance to practical application by film users. Emphasis has, therefore, been given to studies concerned with film utilization procedures and audience variables.
Two groups of students were shown a tape-slide programme on the history of photography. The use of a number of dark blank slides as a cueing device in the experimental programme had no significant effect on the retention of information from the audio channel, but did significantly increase the amount of visual information recalled on an immediate retention test.
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