Clover and ryegrass samples from two areas grazed with 15 and 22 sheepfha contained approximately 10 and 25% of soil respectively, and mean soil contents of faeces from the two groups of sheep were 37 and 69% respectively. The concentration of a number of clements was five times or more higher in grazed pasture than in ungrazed. As soil is usually a component of grazed herbage, analysis of clean herbage will give only the minimum element intake of animals.'
The nutritional requirements of the naturalised vine, Clematis vitalba, were investigated in order to determine soil factors which might restrict its growth. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm), collected from 19 sites where C. vitalba has naturally established in New Zealand, had moderately acid to near neutral pH values, high to very high percentage base saturation, and medium to very high concentrations of the exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, and K, but tended to have low plant-available P and phosphateextractable sulphate concentrations. Extractable-A1 concentrations were very low. Profile descriptions at these sites showed that almost all soils were being or had been rejuvenated by alluvium, colluvium, or tephra. The soils had few physical impediments to root growth, so plants were readily able to exploit the soils and their nutrients.In a glasshouse experiment, growth of C. vitalba increased with increasing rate of lime (CaCO3) and with increasing rate of applied P. Greatest growth in these conditions was associated with: pH = 4.7; exchangeable A1 = 4.6 me./100 g; 0.02M CaC12-
B92019 Received 18 May 1992; accepted 19 October 1994extractable A1 = 3.5 mg/g; and Olsen P = 56 mg/g. Death of plants was associated with: pH = 3.7; exchangeable A1 = 12.6 me./100 g; 0.02M CaC12-extractable A1 = 107 mg/g; and Olsen P = 5.0 mg/g. The response to lime was to high pH and/or low A1 concentrations rather than to high concentrations of Ca, indicating that C. vitalba is not a caleicole. Plant growth was found to be more closely correlated with CaClz-extractable A1 concentrations than to pH or exchangeable A1 concentrations. In a second (subtractive nutrient) experiment, growth of C.
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