Our preliminary data suggest that CBT delivered soon after mild traumatic brain injury is well tolerated and may facilitate recovery in patients who are at risk for chronic PCS. A definitive clinical trial is warranted.

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linked, porcine pericardial patch (dCELL, Tissue Regenix, UK).Methods: Informed consent was obtained. Elective FEA with dCELL patch closure was performed using standard technique. Postoperative examination and Doppler ultrasound was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.Results: 21 patients participated; all were examined at 6 months and 18 were followed at 12 months (86%). 64% were active smokers; 27% had diabetes; 55% had previous vascular procedures. Mean time to hemostasis was 3.5 Ϯ 2.1 min. Handling characteristics were considered excellent. There was one wound hemorrhage requiring reoperation, not due to the patch. There was one superficial wound infection not related to the patch. There was one early asymptomatic occlusion (22 d) associated with an occluded profunda. In mid-term followup, 4 patients developed non-flow-limiting neointimal hyperplasia Ͼ2mm; mean neointima was 0.78mm. Mean mid-patch PSV was 93.3 cm/s at 12 months which was similar to 90.18 cm/s at 1 month; there was no change in mid-patch neointima at 1 and 6 months (diameter 9.22 Ϯ 0.22 mm vs. 8.99 Ϯ 1.31 mm, pϭ0.583). No aneurysmal dilation occurred (mean internal diameter 8.12 cm vs. 8.39 cm proximal, pϭ0.71). In 56% it was impossible to distinguish the patch wall due to remodelling. There were no pseudoaneurysms.Conclusions: dCELL porcine pericardial patches are safe and effective for patch angioplasty, with minimal restenosis and excellent tissue incorporation. dCELL patches may be a platform for next-generation tissue-engineered closure devices.

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