We report measurements of the diffuse galactic light (DGL) spectrum in the near-infrared, spanning the wavelength range 0.95-1.65 μm by the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment. Using the low-resolution spectrometer calibrated for absolute spectro-photometry, we acquired long-slit spectral images of the total diffuse sky brightness toward six high-latitude fields spread over four sounding rocket flights. To separate the DGL spectrum from the total sky brightness, we correlated the spectral images with a 100 μm intensity map, which traces the dust column density in optically thin regions. The measured DGL spectrum shows no resolved features and is consistent with other DGL measurements in the optical and at near-infrared wavelengths longer than 1.8 μm. Our result implies that the continuum is consistently reproduced by models of scattered starlight in the Rayleigh scattering regime with a few large grains.

The identification of high-redshift, massive galaxies with old stellar populations may pose challenges to some models of galaxy formation. However, to securely classify a galaxy as quiescent, it is necessary to exclude significant ongoing star formation, something that can be challenging to achieve at high redshifts. In this letter, we analyse deep ALMA / 870 µm and SCUBA-2 / 450 µm imaging of the claimed "post-starburst" galaxy ZF-20115 at z = 3.717 that exhibits a strong Balmer break and absorption lines. The far-infrared imaging reveals a luminous starburst located 0.4 ± 0.1 (∼ 3 kpc in projection) from the position of the rest-frame ultra-violet / optical emission, with an obscured star-formation rate of 100 +15 −70 M yr −1 . This star-forming component is undetected in the restframe ultraviolet but contributes significantly to the lower angular resolution photometry at restframe wavelengths > ∼ 3500 Å, significantly complicating the determination of a reliable stellar mass. Importantly, in the presence of dust obscuration, strong Balmer features are not a unique signature of a post-starburst galaxy and are indeed frequently observed in infrared-luminous galaxies. We conclude that the ZF 20015 system does not pose a challenge to current models of galaxy formation and that deep sub-/millimeter observations are a pre-requisite for any claims of quiescence. The multiwavelength observations of ZF 20115 unveil a complex system with an intricate and spatially-varying star-formation history. ZF 20115 demonstrates that understanding high-redshift obscured starbursts will only be possible with multi-wavelength studies that include high-resolution observations, available with the JWST, at mid-infrared wavelengths.

We present a photometric catalog for Spitzer Space Telescope warm mission observations of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP; centered at R.A. = 18 h 00 m 00 s , decl. = 66 d 33 m 38 552). The observations are conducted with IRAC in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands over an area of 7.04 deg 2 , reaching 1σ depths of 1.29 μJy and 0.79 μJy in the 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm bands, respectively. The photometric catalog contains 380,858 sources with 3.6 and 4.5 μm band photometry over the full-depth NEP mosaic. Point-source completeness simulations show that the catalog is 80% complete down to 19.7 AB. The accompanying catalog can be used for constraining the physical properties of extragalactic objects, studying the AGN population, measuring the infrared colors of stellar objects, and studying the extragalactic infrared background light.

In this paper, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system was developed before the development of an electric power steering (EPS) system in a vehicle. This study was focused on the establishment of the HILS system. Driving conditions are simulated with the HILS system. The actual steering input parameters are confirmed on the monitor while driving the HILS system. The steering forces observed in the simulation with the developed HILS system are similar to those in real vehicle tests. The developed HILS system can be applied in the development of various types of EPS systems.

Study design: Randomized study. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of thalidomide on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury via reduced TNF-a production. Setting: Animal experimental laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Methods: Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by occluding the infrarenal aorta. Rabbits in group N did not undergo ischemic insult, but rabbits in groups C (the untreated group), THA, and THB underwent ischemic insult for 15 min. The THA and THB groups received thalidomide (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) before ischemia, but only the THB group received thalidomide (i.p., 20 mg/kg) after 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. After evaluating neurologic functions at 1.5 h, 3, and 5 days of reperfusion, rabbits were killed for histopathologic examination and Western blot analysis of TNF-a. Results: The THA and THB groups showed significantly less neurologic dysfunction than the C group at 1.5 h, 3, and 5 days of reperfusion. The number of normal spinal motor neurons in ventral gray matter was higher in THA and THB than in C, but no difference was observed between THA and THB. Western blot analysis showed a significantly higher level of TNF-a in C than in THA and THB at 1.5 h of reperfusion, but no difference was observed between C, THA, or THB at 3 or 5 days of reperfusion. Conclusion: Thalidomide treatment before ischemic insult reduces early phase ischemia/ reperfusion injury of the spinal cord in rabbits.