Programming the hierarchical self-assembly
of small molecules has
been a fundamental topic of great significance in biological systems
and artificial supramolecular systems. Precise and highly programmed
self-assembly can produce supramolecular architectures with distinct
structural features. However, it still remains a challenge how to
precisely control the self-assembly pathway in a desirable way by
introducing abundant structural information into a limited molecular
backbone. Here we disclose a strategy that directs the hierarchical
self-assembly of sodium thioctate, a small molecule of biological
origin, into a highly ordered supramolecular layered network. By combining
the unique dynamic covalent ring-opening-polymerization of sodium
thioctate and an evaporation-induced interfacial confinement effect,
we precisely direct the dynamic supramolecular self-assembly of this
simple small molecule in a scheduled hierarchical pathway, resulting
in a layered structure with long-range order at both macroscopic and
molecular scales, which is revealed by small-angle and wide-angle
X-ray scattering technologies. The resulting supramolecular layers
are found to be able to bind water molecules as structural water,
which works as an interlayer lubricant to modulate the material properties,
such as mechanical performance, self-healing capability, and actuating
function. Analogous to many reversibly self-assembled biological systems,
the highly dynamic polymeric network can be degraded into monomers
and reformed by a water-mediated route, exhibiting full recyclability
in a facile, mild, and environmentally friendly way. This approach
for assembling commercial small molecules into structurally complex
materials paves the way for low-cost functional supramolecular materials
based on synthetically simple procedures.
Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are a promising class of functional materials with applications in catalysis, separations, electronics, and drug delivery, among others. Despite a range of techniques utilized for MOF synthesis, a generalizable and scalable approach has yet to be developed for producing MOFs without using environmentally damaging organic solvents. Here, we look at MOF synthesis as a reaction in an aqueous medium and propose new methods of measuring conversion and selectivity. We show that controlling reactant speciation via pH is a generalizable approach to producing the prototypical MOFs UiO-66, UiO-66-NH 2 , ZIF-L, and HKUST-1 with space−time yields (STY) of over 2250 kg m −3 day −1 , which is a 1 order of magnitude improvement for zirconium-based MOFs. We show that UiO-66-NH 2 crystallization is complete in 5 min at room temperature, with 70% of the extent of reaction completed by 30 s. Finally, we apply the rapid synthesis approach to coating cotton fabric with up to 20 wt % UiO-66-NH 2 using a sequential dip-coating (SQD) technique and demonstrate particulate matter (PM 1−4 ) filtration up to 85%. This work shows a greenchemistry-based, generalizable pathway to rapid synthesis for multiple MOFs and demonstrates its utility for filtration applications. The ability to produce alternative filtration materials is especially relevant under pandemic conditions, where SQD offers a rapid and high-throughput manner of providing air filtration by modifying commonly available textile materials.
A model was proposed to account for a new kind of history effect in the transport measurement of a sample with inhomogeneous flux pinning coupled with flux creep. The inhomogeneity of flux pinning was described in terms of alternating weak pinning (lower j c ) and strong pinning region (higher j c ). The flux creep was characterized by logarithmic barrier. Based on this model, we numerically observed the same clockwise V-I loops as reported in references.Moreover, we predicted behaviors of the V-I loop at different sweeping rates of applied current dI/dt and magnetic fields B a , etc. Electric transport measurement was performed in Ag-sheathed Bi 2−x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y tapes immersed in liquid nitrogen with and without magnetic fields. V-I loop at certain dI/dt and B a was observed. It is found that the area of the loop is more sensitive to dI/dt than to B a , which is in agreement well with our numerical results.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.