Soil salinity is a major problem in Egypt where salt affected lands are increasing over the productive farmland. Fodder beet plant (Beta vulgaris L. Monovert) could be a potential fodder crop for small ruminants based on its moderate nutritive value and high biomass production and its ability to grow in high salt affected soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate for fodder beet yield under traditional management practices (TMP) and improved management practices (IMP). The TMP included the practices carried out by the farmers and the other one (IMP) included the integrated practices of modified irrigation systems with applied leaching requirements, suitable planting method, application of appropriate rate of fertilization (NPK) and addition of sulfur, farmyard manure (FYM) and effective micro-organisms solution (EM). Two field experiments were conducted in farmers' fields under saline conditions of Sahl El-Tina area in 2010/2011& 2011/2012 winter seasons. The treatments of both experiments included two irrigation systems (permanent sprinkler "PS" and surface furrows "FI"), two management practices (traditional and improved), and two planting methods (one side and two sides of the ridge). The treatments were arranged in completely randomized blocks design with four replicates. The obtained results indicated that the IMP decreased soil salinity and increased water use efficiency, under modified irrigation system. Based on the results of two growing seasons, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were the highest average values as 11.47 and 16.22 kg m -3 obtained with IMP&FI and IMP&PS treatments, respectively. Developed furrow irrigation with improved management practices resulted in higher IWUE by 23.4%. While, modified sprinkler irrigation system with improved management practices led to increase in IWUE by 17.9%. It is clear that application of IMP significantly increase of growth characters, fresh yield (leaves and roots) of fodder beet by 5% as compared to the TMP. Consequently, sustainable development can be achieved by application IMP for mitigate soil salinity hazards and enhance the productivity of fodder beet as forage crops in Sahl El-Tina area, North Sinai to solve the feed shortage problem around the year.
This study aimed to investigate some possible approaches to alleviate the negative effects of salinity on tomato plant growth and productivity. Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) hybrid VT737 were sown and seedling were exposed to hardening treatments using four levels of saline irrigation (control 250 ppm, low 1500 ppm, medium 3000 ppm and high 4500 ppm) during nursery stage. After transplanting in the open field, all plants were irrigated with saline water with 5500+ 500 ppm and the standard recommended fertilization dose. Plants were also receiving four experimental fertilization treatments namely control (no additional fertilization), mono potassium phosphate, potassium humate and amino acids.Recorded data showed that all vegetative and reproductive parameters responded positively to the individual effect of hardening and fertilization treatments and their interactions. The hardening level of 3000 ppm showed the best effect followed by the 4500 level and the least for 1500pp. Meanwhile the fertilization of mon potassium phosphate gave the best results followed by potassium humate then the amino acids. The interactive effect of the treatments appeared to be cumulative on plant response.
Two field experiments were carried out under saline condition at Wadi Sudr, Agricultural Experimental Station, South Sinai Governorate during 1997 and 1998 seasons to evaluate the salt resistance of tow tomato cultivars (Edkawy and Castle Rock) . Furthermore, the possibility of increasing their salt resistance by application thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0.5, 1.0 ppb and/or KCl at 1.0 and 2.0 % were studied under saline condition. Generally, Castle Rock cultivars exhibited a vigorous growth characters, yield and yield components than those of Edkawy. Application of TDZ and/or KCl at any level significantly increased all growth parameters, yield and yield components of both cultivars as compared with the control. The best results of growth and yield were obtained by combination TDZ at 1.0 ppb with KCl at 2% either in Castle Rock or Edkawy cultivars.As for chemical composition in tomato shoot, i.e. K, Na, Ca, Mg and K/Na ratio, Castle Rock cv. had the lowest contents of Na and the highest contents of K, Mg, Ca, and K/Na ratio as compared with Edkawy cultivar. TDZ application significantly decreased Na contents in both cultivars, whereas, K/Na ratio reached the highest value. Combined TDZ at 0.5 ppb with KCl at 1% gave the best result to decrease Na content in Castle Rock and Edkawy cultivars. However, its combination increased K/Na ratio that reached three fold in Castle Rock comparing with Edkawy cultivar.In this respect, additional KCl at 1.0 &2.0% could positively affect K/Na ratio in Edkawy cultivar, meanwhile, such ratio in Castle Rock cv. was not affected.The role of bioregulator (TDZ) or KCl for increasing salt resistance via altering K/Na ratio was discussed. Also, the effect of previous treatments on tomato yield was recorded.
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