A nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) has been identified as the etiological agent causing epizootics in natural populations of Spodoptera exigua in the south of Spain. The incidence of this NPV has been determined from samples of larvae collected from sunflower fields and vegetable greenhouses at two sites located 500 km apart. The NPV was the only disease agent identified at both sites. Through the period surveyed the percentage of NPV-infected larvae increased from 4.3% to 23% and from 22.5% to 100% in S. exigua larvae collected from sunflower fields and vegetable greenhouses respectively. No mortality attributed to the NPV was found in Spodoptera littoralis, Heliothis armigera, Peridroma saucia and Plusia gamma larvae collected in the same survey from the same sites. This is the first report of epizootics caused by NPV in S. exigua populations in field and greenhouse crops in Europe.
Virus yields from Agrotis segetuni larvae infected in the third, fourth and fifth instar with an A . segefuni granulosis virus (AsGV) were determined in terms of numbers of inclusion bodies. The number of inclusion bodies produced per larva was found to be inversely related to the instar of inoculated larvae. A greater yield of virus was obtained from larvae that had moulted after ingestion of virus inoculum than from those which died without moulting. Female larvae produced more virus than male larvae. The viruses obtained from third and fourth instar larvae had the highest regression line slopes with significant differences with respect to original inoculum. In general, the viral products were more virulent than the original inoculum but the differences were significant for viruses produced in larvae that died in the inoculation instar. The virus obtained from fifth instar larvae showed a significantly higher virulence when it was produced in male rather than female larvae.
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