H.-J. Muffler scite author profile

The surface modifications induced by treating Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 films in an aqueous ammonia hydroxide-based solution of Cd2+ ions—as used in record Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells without a CdS buffer layer—have been investigated for different Cd2+ concentrations. Employing a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and x-ray emission spectroscopy, it is possible to distinguish two different surface modifications. For Cd2+ concentrations below 4.5 mM in the solution we observe the formation of a CdS monolayer, while higher Cd2+ concentrations lead to the additional deposition of a cadmium hydroxide film on the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 surface.

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Spray-ILGAR indium sulfide buffers for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells

Allsop

Schönmann

Muffler

et al. 2005

Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.

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A novel deposition technique for compound semiconductors on highly porous substrates: ILGAR

Möller¹,

Fischer²,

Muffler³

et al. 2000

Thin Solid Films

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Impact of Cd2+-treatment on the band alignment at the ILGAR-ZnO/CuIn(S,Se)2 heterojunction

et al. 2003

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ILGAR technology IV:

Bär¹,

Muffler²,

Fischer³

et al. 2001

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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ILGAR – A novel thin-film technology for sulfides

Muffler

Fischer

Diesner

et al. 2001

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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H.-J. Muffler

Contacts to a solar cell with extremely thin CdTe absorber

Indium sulfide thin films deposited by the spray ion layer gas reaction technique

CdS and Cd(OH)2 formation during Cd treatments of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin-film solar cell absorbers

Spray-ILGAR indium sulfide buffers for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells

A novel deposition technique for compound semiconductors on highly porous substrates: ILGAR

Impact of Cd2+-treatment on the band alignment at the ILGAR-ZnO/CuIn(S,Se)2 heterojunction

ILGAR technology IV:

ILGAR – A novel thin-film technology for sulfides

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