In a retrospective multicenter study to investigate the correlation between estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone receptors (PgR) in primary breast cancer with patient Prognosis, 3118 patients with operable breast cancer (International Union Against Cancer Stages I, II, and III) were investigated from ten hospitals in Japan who underwent surgery from October 1972 to December 1982; 3089 were evaluable. The ER‐positive and PgR‐positive cancers were found in 56% and 34% of patients, respectively. The positivities decreased as the tumor size increased but were independent on lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in relapse‐free survival (RFS) in relation to receptor status (median follow‐up, 89 months [ER], 84 months [PgR]). However, in patients with four or more positive nodes, those with PgR‐positive cancer had a longer RFS. The patients with ER‐positive cancer survived significantly longer than ER‐ negative ones, with the greatest difference seen in those with four or more positive nodes. There was a significantly longer postrelapse survival (PRS) for patients with ER‐positive cancer because of the different distribution of the major metastasis and better responses to first line and subsequent treatment. Cox's multivariate analysis showed that overall survival but not PRS was affected by ER (and more weakly by PgR) because of the longer PRS in patients with ER‐positive cancer.
Synopsiscis-1,PPolybutadiene and trun-s-l,4polybutadiene were mixed at the ratio in weight of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100, and various problems related to the mixing were studied. The mixing waa carried out by the three methods, i.e., (I) by rolling, ( 2 ) by filler batch polymer, and ( 3 ) by coprecipitation of the solution. For the mixed compound and vulcanized rubber, such characteristics aa the viscosity of the solution, the Mooney viscosity, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectra phase separation of the solution, tensile strength, and the swelling ratio in benzene were observed. No marked difference in the state of mixing waa noted, regardless of the method of mixing. However, the mixing of filler batch polymer waa accomplished more easily than by the rolling method.A 50/50 blend rubber waa microheterogeneous and contained particles about 0.5 p in length, but these did not affect the crystallization, as judged from the observation of the state of dispersion, by means of electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and infrared analysis. This waa revealed by comparing infrared spectra of extracts obtained from the unvulcanized portion after various vulcanization times. The Cis4 vulcanizate did not show any crystalline pattern even at 550% elongation.The lruns-4 polymer, vulcanized a t a much slower rate than C i s 4
Blends of carboxy-SBR and vinylpyridine-SBR, in which interactions were expected to occur between the two types of polymer molecules, were prepared by different blending methods and with different vulcanizing systems, and the variation of their properties with varying mixing ratio was studied. Latex blending was compared with blending on the mill. Investigations were carried out for each blend type with (1) a common curing agent for both polymers, (2) curing agents that affect only one of the polymers, and (3) a combination of curing agents, each of which affects one of the polymers. To examine the state of mixing, the blends were dyed and observed under the microscope. It was found that latex blending gave sufficiently good mixing to enable the interactions between the two polymers to influence the properties strongly, the blending being better than that achieved on the mill. However, when a combination of curing agents that affected the polymers singly was used, the effects of the interactions was no longer observed.
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