It is well known that the cerebral blood flow alters in response to changes in the arterial carbon dioxide tension. However, it is not yet clear whether there are upper and lower limits of Paco, beyond which the cerebral vessels do not react. In addition, there have been no reports on the response of cerebral blood flow to alterations in Paco, in hypotensive states.The recent development by Ingvar (1961, 1962) of a rapid, easily repeatable, and relatively untraumatic method of estimating the blood flow through the cerebral cortex has enabled us to make multiple estimations of blood flow in lightly anaesthetized dogs at varying tensions of arterial carbon dioxide and varying arterial blood pressures. METHODThree hundred and two measurements of blood flow through the cerebral cortex were made on 41 unselected mongrel dogs. The animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone. A cuffed endotracheal tube was inserted and connected to a Starling respiratory pump, through which a 4:1 mixture of N20 and oxygen was delivered in open circuit. Suxamethonium chloride was administered at intervals. Repeated small doses of thiopentone were given during the actual operation. A cannula was inserted into the femoral artery and connected to a damped mercury manometer for the measurement of the systemic blood pressure. This cannula was also used for the withdrawal of arterial blood samples.The thyroid branch of the common carotid artery was cannulated centripetally, the distal end being tied. The temporal muscle was excised and a trephine hole made over the parietal bone. A cruciate incision was made in the dura and the exposed brain cortex was covered with a plastic membrane (Melinex) 6,& in thickness. A thin lead shield was placed over the surrounding dura and bone, leaving exposed only the area of cortex covered by the membrane. An end window Geiger counter, mounted 1 mm. above the exposed cortex, was connected to a ratemeter and a direct writing recorder. After the operation was completed, thiopentone administration was discontinued and the preparation remained undisturbed for one hour before the first measurements of blood flow were made. Plasma substitute (Dextran), saturated with 85 Krypton, was injected, rapidly at first and then more slowly, into the carotid artery over two to three minutes. The blood flow through the brain cortex was calculated from the half-life of the initial slope of a semilogarithmic plot of the clearance curve using the formula of Lassen and Ingvar (1961, 1962

It is well known that the cerebral blood flow alters in response to changes in the arterial carbon dioxide tension. However, it is not yet clear whether there are upper and lower limits of Paco, beyond which the cerebral vessels do not react. In addition, there have been no reports on the response of cerebral blood flow to alterations in Paco, in hypotensive states.The recent development by Ingvar (1961, 1962) of a rapid, easily repeatable, and relatively untraumatic method of estimating the blood flow through the cerebral cortex has enabled us to make multiple estimations of blood flow in lightly anaesthetized dogs at varying tensions of arterial carbon dioxide and varying arterial blood pressures. METHODThree hundred and two measurements of blood flow through the cerebral cortex were made on 41 unselected mongrel dogs. The animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone. A cuffed endotracheal tube was inserted and connected to a Starling respiratory pump, through which a 4:1 mixture of N20 and oxygen was delivered in open circuit. Suxamethonium chloride was administered at intervals. Repeated small doses of thiopentone were given during the actual operation. A cannula was inserted into the femoral artery and connected to a damped mercury manometer for the measurement of the systemic blood pressure. This cannula was also used for the withdrawal of arterial blood samples.The thyroid branch of the common carotid artery was cannulated centripetally, the distal end being tied. The temporal muscle was excised and a trephine hole made over the parietal bone. A cruciate incision was made in the dura and the exposed brain cortex was covered with a plastic membrane (Melinex) 6,& in thickness. A thin lead shield was placed over the surrounding dura and bone, leaving exposed only the area of cortex covered by the membrane. An end window Geiger counter, mounted 1 mm. above the exposed cortex, was connected to a ratemeter and a direct writing recorder. After the operation was completed, thiopentone administration was discontinued and the preparation remained undisturbed for one hour before the first measurements of blood flow were made. Plasma substitute (Dextran), saturated with 85 Krypton, was injected, rapidly at first and then more slowly, into the carotid artery over two to three minutes. The blood flow through the brain cortex was calculated from the half-life of the initial slope of a semilogarithmic plot of the clearance curve using the formula of Lassen and Ingvar (1961, 1962

No abstract

SUMMARY Gastric emptying of isotopically labelled solid meals was studied in normal human subjects and in patients at different intervals after truncal vagotomy and Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty.One to four weeks after vagotomy and pyloroplasty gastric emptying was delayed grossly in some patients regardless of the completeness of vagotomy. Patients with gross delay had symptoms of gastric retention. Eight weeks later emptying had returned towards normal and one or more years after vagotomy and pyloroplasty emptying was within the normal range.A subthreshold dose of carbachol injected during the course of emptying of a meal in some of the postvagotomy patients had no detectable influence on the rate of emptying of the meal.

No abstract