In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the development of various flexible sensors structure platforms fabricated by the inkjet printing technique. We first explain in general the type of biosensors which includes tactile sensors published recently that highlighted their features and uses, sensors architecture or platform and advantages of the designed platform. For better understanding of the inkjet printing process, we include the working inkjet printing system and strategy of ink jet printing process for quality and effective design of flexible and wearable applications. Then, we reviewed the types of biosensors and tactile sensor focusing on the flexible and wearable features subsequently highlighting several types of sensors fabricated via the inkjet printing method. The sensors highlighted were based on different types of sensor platforms namely the field effect transistor, standard electrode and special geometrical structure. The focus of insights for the different types of sensors platform were based on the operation, design and processing of inkjet-printed components. Lastly, an outlook on future challenges and research opportunities on inkjet-printed flexible biosensor for research development based on engineering and fundamental science in achieving effectiveness and reliability of inkjet-printed sensors is presented.
This research is focusing on the geometrical variation effects of carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET). The characteristics of the CNTFET are observed based on different CNTFET diameter, the oxide thickness and the chiral vector. The characteristics under study includes the drain current, ION/IOFF, the quantum capacitance as well as the threshold voltage. The work is carried out using CNTFET labtool of nanoHUB.org includes the FETToy Simulator which based MATLAB script that calculate the ballistic I-V characteristic and MSL Nanomaterials Simulator that used to design and analyse electronic properties of various nano materials. The results show that small difference of chiral vector, (4, 0) will produce large threshold voltage. The quantum capacitance is observed to be decreased with decreasing oxide thickness as gate voltage reaches 0.5 V and above. The ION/IOFF ratio will increase as the CNTFET diameter increased. As a conclusion, CNTFET is a perfect choice to substitute conventional MOSFET with their remarkable features.
Microbial fuel cell, as a promising technology for simultaneous power production and waste treatment, has received a great deal of attention in recent years; however, generation of a relatively low power density is the main limitation towards its commercial application. This study contributes toward the optimization, in terms of maximization, of the power density of a microbial fuel cell by employing response surface methodology, coupled with central composite design. For this optimization study, the interactive effect of three independent parameters, namely (i) acetate concentration in the influent of anodic chamber; (ii) fuel feed flow rate in anodic chamber; and (iii) oxygen concentration in the influent of cathodic chamber, have been analyzed for a two-chamber microbial fuel cell, and the optimum conditions have been identified. The optimum value of power density was observed at an acetate concentration, a fuel feed flow rate, and an oxygen concentration value of 2.60 mol m−3, 0.0 m3, and 1.00 mol m−3, respectively. The results show the achievement of a power density of 3.425 W m−2, which is significant considering the available literature. Additionally, a statistical model has also been developed that correlates the three independent factors to the power density. For this model, R2, adjusted R2, and predicted R2 were 0.839, 0.807, and 0.703, respectively. The fact that there is only a 3.8% error in the actual and adjusted R2 demonstrates that the proposed model is statistically significant.
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