The aim of this paper focuses on

<p class="abstrak2">Cellulose from abundant newspaper waste could be transformed into methane through anaerobic fermentation. This research was carried out to compare the gas production including methane between samples containing feces and waste paper mixture as inoculum and substrate, respectively and added with and without BS4 enzyme. The enzyme was produced in Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Produce (IRIAP) by growing Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in coconut meals. There were three treatments,  i.e., 30% manure (M30); 15 %  manure + 15 % paper waste  (MP 30); MP30 + 3 mL BS4 enzyme equal to 0.42 U/g dry matter (MPE30) The percentage of waste papers addition in feces was calculated on dry matter (DM) basis and every treatment had five replications. Total gas and methane productions were measured weekly, while dry matter losses were determined during 5 week fermentation. Interactions between treatments and incubation time were analyzed using completely randomized design each week. Kind of substrates influenced both total gas and methane productions during incubation time. Both waste papers and enzyme addition enhanced gas production. The highest total gas and methane productions for five weeks incubation were highly significantly observed (P&lt;0.01) in MP30 and MPE30 compared to M30. Addition of enzyme significantly increased total gas and methane productions in the first week. The highest methane and total gas yield/g dry matter were obtained by BS4 enzyme addition. It was concluded that BS4 enzyme is good in accelerating and increasing the transformation efficiency of waste paper and manure mixture for biogas production.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: Methane, Fibrenolytic-Enzyme, Waste Papers, Cattle Manures</p>

Kapas merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan di Sulawesi Selatan yang pengembangannya mendapat perhatian khusus oleh karena produktivitasnya dari tahun ke tahun semakin menurun. Penurunan produktivitas komoditas tersebut dipengaruhi berbagai fartor antara lain adanya serangan hama dan penyakit dan ketersediaan benih bermutu.  Kusususnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan benih bermutu, pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya termasuk melalukan impor benih.  Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis cendawan yang terbawa benih kapas impor di Sulawesi Selatan.   Metode pemeriksaan yang digunakan adalah metode pencucian (washing) dan metode blotter test dan kertas saring, yaitu masing-masing sebanyak 150 butir diambil secara acak dari sampel benih yang tersedia. Pengamatan di bawah mikroskop compound dan diamati propagul-propagul cendawan yang tampak dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi.  Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ditemukannya cendawan dari suspensi benih dengan cara metode washing, sedang dengan metode blotter test ditemukan cendawan dengan persentase serangan masing-masing yaitu Aspergillus niger (26,66 %) dan Aspergillus flavus (12 %) pada benih yang dicuci, dan pada benih tanpa pencucian ditemukan Aspergillus niger (2,66 %) dan Aspergillus flavus (1,33 %).  Kedua jenis cendawan patogen yang ditemukan adalah patogen  terbawa oleh benih kapas, akan tetapi keduanya merupakan cendawan patogen yang bersifat kosmopolit.