The Effects of saponins from Sapindus Rarakfruit on rumen microbes and host animal growth

Thalib, Ahmad; Widiawati, Yeni; Hamid, H; Suherman, D.; Sabrani, M.

doi:10.1051/animres:199505129

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…A similar observation was made by Thalib et al (1996) who reported that total cellulolytic bacteria increased when sheep were fed with a methanol extract of S. rarak. However, a dramatic decrease in the RNA concentration of Ruminococci in short-term feeding of S. rarak extract and disappearance of this effect upon long term feeding indicated that there may be an adaptation of Ruminococcus sp.…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Based on these results, Newbold et al (1997) suggested feeding saponins intermittently to prevent a quick increase in protozoal counts in the rumen. Thalib et al (1996) showed that feeding saponin extract every 3rd day kept the protozoal counts low even after 3 weeks. On the other hand, S. rarak saponins did not lose their defaunating activity until 27 days when fed to sheep (Wina et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

372

214

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Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.

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Section: Plants Containing Saponinssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

372

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Saponins are glycosides which apparently interact with the cholesterol present in eukaryotic membranes but not in prokaryotic cells [17]. A decrease in protozoal numbers was reported in the rumen of sheep infused with pure saponin [76] or fed saponin-containing plants [29,102,106,109,135,136]. However, even if a practical on-farm method to remove protozoa from the rumen can be found, the effects of defaunation on methane emissions can not be considered in isolation.…”

Section: Defaunationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming

Moss

Jouany

Newbold³

2000

Ann. Zootech.

1,095

915

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-The aim of this paper is to review the role of methane in the global warming scenario and to examine the contribution to atmospheric methane made by enteric fermentation, mainly by ruminants. Agricultural emissions of methane in the EU-15 have recently been estimated at 10.2 million tonnes per year and represent the greatest source. Of these, approximately two-thirds come from enteric fermentation and one-third from livestock manure. Fermentation of feeds in the rumen is the largest source of methane from enteric fermentation and this paper considers in detail the reasons for, and the consequences of, the fact that the molar percentage of the different volatile fatty acids produced during fermentation influences the production of methane in the rumen. Acetate and butyrate promote methane production while propionate formation can be considered as a competitive pathway for hydrogen use in the rumen. The many alternative approaches to reducing methane are considered, both in terms of reduction per animal and reduction per unit of animal product. It was concluded that the most promising areas for future research for reducing methanogenesis are the development of new products/delivery systems for anti-methanogenic compounds or alternative electron acceptors in the rumen and reduction in protozoal numbers in the rumen. It is also stressed that the reason ruminants are so important to mankind is that much of the world's biomass is rich in fibre. They can convert this into high quality protein sources (i.e. meat and milk) for human consumption and this will need to be balanced against the concomitant production of methane. methane / ruminants / global warning / reduction strategies Résumé -Production de méthane par les ruminants : sa contribution au réchauffement de la planète. Cet article examine le rôle du méthane dans le processus de réchauffement de la planète et évalue la contribution au méthane atmosphérique des gaz d'origine digestive issus principalement des ruminants. Les émissions annuelles de méthane d'origine agricole dans l'Europe des quinze ont été estimées récemment à 10,2 millions de tonnes et représentent la principale source des entrées Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000) 231-253 231 © INRA, EDP Sciences

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“…A total of 38 articles consisting of 137 data points (represented different dietary treatments) were integrated into the database (Mathius et al, 1996;1997;Thalib et al, 1996;Lubis et al, 1998;2002;Mahyuddin, 2001;Duldjaman, 2004;Tarmidi, 2004;Adawiyah et al, 2006;Puastuti et al, 2006;Uhi, 2006;Supriati & Haryanto, 2007;Wiryawan et al, 2007;Sudarman et al, 2008;Supriyati, 2008;Tanuwiria & Ayuningsih, 2008;Thalib & Widiawati, 2008;Zain, 2009;Hartutik et al, 2010;Hernaman et al, 2011;Widiyanto et al, 2011;Rimbawanto et al, 2012;Ketaren et al, 2013;Sitanggang et al, 2013;Braymana et al, 2014;Ekawati et al, 2014;Khotijah et al, 2014;Nababan et al, 2014;Ndaru et al, 2014;Wulandari et al, 2014;Aqbari et al, 2015;Simanjuntak et al, 2015;Tiven et al, 2015;Wati et al, 2015). Different breeds (Priangan, fat-tailed and local) and sexes (male and female) were specified in the database.…”

Section: Database Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Energy and Protein Requirements of Sheep in Indonesia using a Meta-analytical Approach

Jayanegara¹,

Ridla²,

Astuti³

et al. 2017

Med Pet

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The objective of this study was to determine energy and protein requirements, for both maintenance and gain, of sheep in Indonesia by using a meta-analysis method. A database was developed from various in vivo experiments involving sheep as the experimental animals in which energy intake, protein intake and average daily weight gain (ADG) were reported. A total of 38 articles consisting of 137 data points were integrated into the database. Different breeds (Priangan, fat-tailed and local) and sexes (male and female) were specified in the database. Maintenance and gain requirements of dry matter, energy and protein were determined by regressing ADG with dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI) and crude protein intake (

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The Effects of saponins from Sapindus Rarakfruit on rumen microbes and host animal growth

Abstract: The aim of this paper focuses on

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming

Determination of Energy and Protein Requirements of Sheep in Indonesia using a Meta-analytical Approach

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