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ABSTRACT:The vertical temperature structure in the area of Garmisch-Partenkirchen between the Loisach river valley and the highest mountain in Germany (Zugspitze, 2962 m a.s.l.) is analysed. Using long time series of daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures from two meteorological stations, in the valley floor and on the mountain top, we studied seasonal variations in temperature lapse rates. By using daily data on weather types, significantly different altitudinal temperature lapse rates and daily temperature ranges for low and high pressure weather situations were found. There was no significant influence of snow cover in the valley on the lapse rate. At both stations, there has been an increase in temperature during recent decades. As there was a slight difference between these trends, the lapse rate has tended to become more negative, i.e. the difference between the mountain top and the valley has become more pronounced. In order to investigate the lapse rates in more detail, unpublished temperature data from 1989 to 1990 on slope transects near Garmisch-Partenkirchen were evaluated. Despite the fact that an exact description of the vertical structure of the atmospheric temperature is possible only from free air measurements, there are some indications that major inversions occur in the first 500 m above the valley ground, depending on season, weather situation and time of day.

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Since 1978, a measuring station has been operated at Cape Point (3421' S, 18"29' E). In this article, results of measurements of CO, CFCl,, Ccl,, 0,, N,O and CH, are presented as monthly means and analyzed with respect to long-term trends and seasonal variations. For CO and CH,, very similar seasonal variations have been observed, indicating strong interrelations between these two gases. For CO and 0,, no significant changes of the mean annual concentrations can be established for the observation periods of 10 and 5 years, respectively. The measurements yield a growth rate of 9.