Theoretically a monolayer or insignificant weight per cent of coupling agent should give optimum properties for fiber glass‐resin composites, contrary to commercial practice. Studies of variation of chemical bonding between the coupling agent and the resin and the study of the degree of bonding of the coupling agents to the glass by extraction techniques have not explained this effect. However, new techniques of electron microscopy have revealed details of loading distribution and agglomeration on the glass fiber which tend to explain this effect.
A potentiometric model technique is presented for determining the a real sweep efficiency of a five-spot well pattern, at and beyond breakthrough. A sharp interface between displaced and displacing fluids is assumed. Although the prototype system is referred to as a water flood operation, obvious changes in the notation and computations will adapt the results to other displacement processes. The results of the study include the following.Areal sweep efficiencies for a five-spot well pattern, at and beyond breakthrough, for mobility ratios (displacing to displaced fluid) of 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:4.Extension of potentiometric analysis to the investigation of the areal sweep-efficiency beyond breakthrough in a five-spot pattern by the application of conformal mapping and conductive-solid models.The use of layers of conductive fabric in representing mobility ratio changes in potentiometric models.The development of a probe mechanism for probing conductive solids. The results obtained by conductive-cloth models agree with earlier areal sweep efficiencies at breakthrough obtained by Aronofsky and Ramey on the potentiometric analyzer using electrolytic-tank models. Results beyond breakthrough differ from those obtained by the X-Ray Shadowgraph technique. Data from this study show that, for mobility ratios greater than one, water cut rises rapidly as fluid is produced after breakthrough. However, for mobility ratios smaller than one, a large increase in area swept resulted with only a small increase in water cut. Introduction In calculating reservoir performance of waterflooding operations and other fluid-injection programs, it is necessary to estimate the areal sweep efficiency before and after injected-fluid breakthrough into production wells. Influence of mobility ratio on oil-production history, before and after breakthrough for a five-spot well pattern, has been studied by X-Ray Shadowgraph techniques and by gelatin models. In none of these investigations was the transition zone controlled experimentally.
the absorbance of the samples containing sulfate was slightly lower than that of corresponding samples without sulfate, even though the reaction time was twice as long for the sulfate-containing samples.
The phase behavior of a naturally occurring hydrocarbon system whosecritical temperature is near the reservoir temperature has beendescribed. The same volume per cent liquid was observed for the first time at threedifferent pressures for isotherms immediately below the critical temperature.The shapes of the isothermal equilibrium constant curves necessary to predictthis phenomena are discussed and illustrated. Introduction The phase behavior of a number of hydrocarbon systems has been reported;however, very little data are available on natural occurring hydrocarbonsystems whose critical temperature is near the reservoir temperature. Thisappeared to be the case for the fluid studied here; therefore thepressure-volume-temperature data for this system were determined forpresentation. Method The PVT data were obtained with equipment similar to that described byWeinaug and Katz, consisting principally of a two-section, double-windowedgauge mounted in a constant temperature air bath. The procedure followed wasessentially that used by Katz and Kurata except that a cathetometer, readingdirect to 0.01 cm, was used to determine the height of each extreme phaselimit. The system studied was formed by recombining vapor and liquid samples from thefirst stage separator of the well. Portions of these samples were displacedwith mercury into the cell which had previously been filled with mercury. Apredetermined amount of the liquid sample was introduced, while an excess ofvapor was admitted. The resulting mixture was brought to equilibrium at thecondition of the separator during sampling. By adding mercury to maintain thepressure, enough vapor was displaced to give a gas/oil ratio within the cellequal to that produced by the separator at the time of sampling. The remainingmaterial was then considered to be equivalent to the reservoir fluid. Ananalysis of material in the cell, computed from analysis of vapor and liquidsamples and the separator gas/oil ratio, is given in Table I. T.P. 3097
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