Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is referred to a heterogeneous group of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria that could enhance plant yield through one or more mechanisms. Flavobacterium has been noted as PGPR in almost all review articles. However, there are a few studies regarding plant growth promotion imposed by them. Some of Plant growth promoting characteristics such as Phosphate solubilizing capacity, ability to use of 1-Amino Cyclopropan-1-Carboxylate (ACC) as sole nitrogen source and production of auxin, siderophore, salicylic acid, chitinase and hydrogen cyanide were evaluated in forty-four flavobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of wheat. Results showed that none of the isolates were able to produce siderophore, salicylic acid and chitinase and they were not able to use ACC as well. Determining the siderophore showed that none isolates did not grow on Chrome Azurol S (CAS) Agar medium. The results of this part were further analyzed using CAS Agar Diffusion (CASAD) method, but the results were also negative. HCN production was observed in all isolates, but in lowest limit. Thirty-four isolates were capable to solubilize insoluble inorganic Phosphate (P) sources. The average rate of P-solubilization was 3.54 µg Pml -1 , ranging from zero to 37.48 µgPml -1 . There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.81**) between solubilized P and the final pH of the growth medium. In this study, all the isolates were able to produce auxin, ranging from 0.27 to 12.03 µgml -1 averaged by 2.03. Considering the ability of the isolates to produce auxin and for P-solubilization, it is necessary to evaluate their effect on growth and yield of different crop plants.
Fluorescent pseudomonads are among the most influencing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants rhizosphere. In this research work the plant growthpromoting activities of 40 different strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida, previously isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) and maintained in the microbial collection of Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated. The ability of bacteria to produce auxin and siderophores and utilizing P sources with little solubility was determined. Four strains of Wp1 (P. putida), Cfp10 (Pseudomonas sp.), Wp150 (P. putida), and Wp159 (P. putida) were able to grow in the DF medium with ACC. Thirty percent of bacterial isolates from canola rhizosphere and 33% of bacterial isolates from wheat rhizosphere were able to produce HCN. The results indicate that most of the bacteria, tested in the experiment, have plant growth-promoting activities. This is the first time that such PGPR species are isolated from the Iranian soils. With respect to their great biological capacities they can be used for wheat and canola inoculation in different parts of the world, which is of very important agricultural implications.
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