Two field experiments were carried out at Mallawy Water Requirements Research station -El Minia , Governorate; Egypt Water Management Research Institute -National Water Research Center during 2007 and 2008 seasons. The present research was carried out to study the effect of transplanting method on water use efficiency, yield, saving of water and economic evaluation for sugar can crop (Saccharum officinarum L. ) and compare it with common conventional cultivation practiced in this region. Four treatments were arranged in a split -plot design. Two of them planting method (normal and transplanting) and the others irrigation systems(furrows and beds).Results indicated that the planting sugar cane crop by transplanting in beds lead to an increase in productivity with rate equals 19.7% and more water saving ( 24.33%) per year , decreased both the costs of product materials by about 9.37 %, and the irrigation time by about 31.82% and rising the total irrigation's efficiency by 71.97%. It also saved water by about 785.607770 million m 3 / area (Average area cultivated by sugar cane in Egypt) compared with the traditional method in this region. The results indicated also from the economic view point that , the transplanting method recorded the highest values of field and crop water use efficiencies (7.10 and 10.68 kg/m 3 ) respectively. Moreover the results indicated that the transplanting method decreased the total cost / fed. The highest values of total income, production, financial benefits ( L.E/ area), net return of each and water irrigation (L.E /m 3 ) and economic efficiency were gained with it. Therefore , the economics of irrigation water becomes very important for planting irrigation management project where the over irrigation practices by farmers usually lead to low irrigation efficiency , water logging and high losses of water.It could be recommended to application of transplanting method to produce high yield with less amount of water applied under El-Minia province conditions .
Two field experiments were carried out at Mallaway Research Station, El-Minia Province, Middle Egypt during the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. The research plan of this study aimed to evaluate and compare the validity of applying the partially or completely using of sugar beet instead of sugar cane crops. The study includes a comparison between the two crops and their water consumption and agricultural practices on the economical side and also providing suggestive sequence about the replacement to study the validity of the replacement from the present cropping pattern and especially the crops which consume much water such as sugar cane under the condition of the current limited water supply. The results indicate in terms of water that the average quantities of water applied and actual consumptive use were 10682.12 and 6491.12 m 3 /fed for sugar can crop, respectively. While it were 3374.76 and 1990.12 m 3 / fed for sugar beet, respectively. The sugar beet has high values of field and crop water use efficiency (10.37 and 17.58 kg root / m 3), while sugar cane has lowest values of them (4.35 and 7.16 kg stalk cane /m 3), respectively. The results indicate also that, from view point water and economic, the sugar beet recorded the highest values of net return of each water applied and consumptive use units (0.31 and 0.52 L.E /m 3), respectively, while sugarcane has the lowest values of them (0.20 and 0.33 L.E /m 3), respectively. This due to increasing the quantity of water applied and water consumptive use for sugar cane which led to decrease this efficiency. Results indicate that, from view point of social, the water awareness of farmer is less which leads to waste much water where over irrigation practices by the farmers usually leads to low irrigation efficiency water logging and high losses of water and fertilizer. The Results indicate that 6.6% of sugar cane farmers agree on the completely replacement of sugar beet instead of sugar cane and 71.1 % of farmers accepted the partial replacement by decreasing the sugar cane areas and cultivating using the sugar beet, this due to the insistence of cane farmers on planting the cane because they used to cultivate it for along time. Also the results indicated that there are a few farmers (7.9%) know the idea of planting the cane by transplanting method and the majority of farmers prefer planting the cane in furrow and small portion (13.2%) know the idea of Stiva plant and 11.8 % agree on planting the sugar in new lands. So we concluded that the sugar cane farmers prefer planting the sugar cane crop in furrow, this due to decrease water awareness about the water importance by limiting the water, and decreased agriculture and water culture about applying the modern methods as the method of transplanting to limit the water, this due to, there isn't agricultural direction to increase the culture of farmers. At the end of study it could be concluded that it is necessary to expand, the sugar beet in the old lands by partially replacement and in the new lands. On other hand...
Two field trials were carried out through 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate irrigation systems outcome and potassium fertilization rates on water efficiencies, productivity, water-saving and financial return for potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv."Sponta''. Eight transactions, two of the irrigation systems (surface irrigation & gated pipes technique), and three different rates of potassium fertilization (48, 96, and 144 kg K2O fad -1 .) beside without adding potassium fertilizer were set in a split-plot design. Results indicated that sowing potato and irrigating it by the gated pipes irrigation system and using 96 kg K2O of the potassium fertilization leads to an increase in productivity by 27.85 %, more water-saving about 25.33 % per year, recorded the maximum productivity of irrigation water and water productivity (6.76 and 10.01 kg m -3 , respectively), and also the topmost values of income, production, and the net return of irrigation water. Therefore, the economics of irrigation water turns out to be very essential for implementing irrigation management projects where farmers' over-irrigation traditions generally lead to low irrigation efficiency, waterlogging, and water losses. Therefore, the study recommends using the gated pipes technique with 96 kg K2O fad -1 under El Minia governorate circumstances and other corresponding conditions.
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