SUMMARY:Since the beginning of the century in various countries, investigations to determine the anthropometric characteristics of a population were carried out. The issue of miscegenation in Brazil is of great importance in this study to define a population representative data on the cranial anthropometry. The large size of Brazil, with 8.514.876 km 2 leads to an investigation between the two extreme regions of the country: North and South, because of the ethnic composition of their colonizers. This study aims to investigate, compare and rank possible differences in cephalic index of the populations from these regions of Brazil. Therefore, an anthropometric study was performed at the School of Aeronautics Expert (single training center for graduates of Brazilian Air Force), measurements were performed in 110 male students, divided by regions, and also the parents of these students who came from the same region of Brazil. The average width of the head shown in the Northern region is 15.80 ± 0.69 and 15.75 ± 0.53 in the Southern region, with significant difference (P <0.05). The average length of the head lodged in the Northern region is 19.54 ± 0.61 and 19.94 and in the South ± 0.67, significant difference (P <0.05). With respect to the cephalic index the average in the North is 80.93 ± 3.84 and in the South 79.06 ± 3.60, significant difference (P <0.05). In the Northern region, for the classification, mesocephalic is predominant, but with a tendency to brachycephalic and hyperbrachycephalic, dolichocephalic type was rare in the South and the opposite occurs with respect to the rare type, the classification is to mesocephalic predominantly the second type is also brachycephalic, dolichocephalic but it is the third most common, often presented as the brachycephalic type.

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