A renewed interest in improving the application of chemical pesticides has prompted additional application research on utilizing spray adjuvants or carrier systems for enhancing ground or aerial applications. This application research is producing findings on the potential of nonaqueous application systems as well as research leads for improving pesticide formulations. Nonaqueous application systems provide greater surface coverage than aqueous or emulsion systems. While the total spray volume for nonaqueous carriers was substantially less in field comparisons, efficacy was better. In comparisons of nonaqueous carriers, mineral oil was superior to vegetable oils (soybean, cottonseed) in weed control. A number of factors can affect the surface coverage of pesticide formulations. This paper evaluates factors for relationship to surface coverage on grasses, including: (1) the surface chemistry of the carrier/adjuvant and (2) leaf chemistry of grasses. Other measurements of spreadability on inert surfaces were compared to the measurement of coverages on johnsongrass leaves.
Low flash point (⩽ 60°C) aromatic hydrocarbon fluids are still widely used in the Agricultural Chemical Industry. The pending HM181 DOT regulation will greatly increase the costs (i.e. handling, shipping, storage, insurance, relabeling) associated with using a 60°C and lower flash point hydrocarbon fluid. Formulators can avoid these cost increases by replacing the low flash hydrocarbon fluids with higher flash material, provided additional phytotoxicity concerns are not posed. A field trial study was designed to measure the change in crop response (phytotoxicity) with respect to a change in flash point.
A renewed interest in improving the application of chemical pesticides has prompted additional application research on utilizing spray adjuvants for enhancing ground or aerial pesticide applications. This renewed interest is producing additional findings on the role of Orchex® 796 in pesticide applications, as well as research leads for improving pesticide formulations. This paper reviews these additional findings, primarily from published research.
While Orchex® 796 was initially developed for tree pests, its general surface chemistry and other lipid-like properties provide improved spreadability and coverage on biological surfaces. Further, both plant and insect surfaces are modified in a beneficial manner for the application of many pesticides. In addition to providing a temporary modification of the target surface, other properties improve rainfastness. These features provide a greater benefit in ultra low volume application including nonaqueous application, but still retain benefits when applied with even high rates of water, such as in chemigation. Specific crop and pest examples are presented from both temperate and tropical agriculture. These examples illustrate how Orchex 796 properties can provide a multiple role in the formulation or application of pesticides.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.