The objective was to evaluate effects of extruded soybean hulls as replacement for corn silage. Twenty animals with an average weight of 57.00kg were used. The treatments consisted different levels inclusion the extruded roughage to replace the silage. A completely randomized design was used. There was negative linear response for dry matter intake, weight of feces in dry matter, efficiency ingestion, chewing and rumination and urea. Dry matter digestibility showed a quadratic response. The time spent in chewing and rumination increased with the addition of corn silage. The replacement of corn silage by extruded roughage can be performed in up to 80% without causing any deleterious effects to adult sheep.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of enzymes on consumption, digestion of dry matter and blood nutrients and metabolites. Sixteen lambs with an average age and weight of 3 months and 19.00 kg, respectively, were used. Treatments consist of the use of amylolytic, proteolytic and fibrolytic enzymes. A completely randomized design was used. No differences (P>0.05) were found for intake and digestion of dry matter and nutrients. There was a statistical difference (P<0.05) for the urea variable, where treatment Amaize® and Amaize® + Fibrozyme® were thought to be superior to the others. It can be concluded that the inclusion of amylolytic enzymes associated with proteolytic enzymes does not cause any effects to the animals, and deleterious effects can be added to the feed of lambs.
The objective of our study was to promote advances in the economic valuation method of zootechnical indicators in dairy goat farming by incorporating the analysis of the modeling of biological relationships between the indicators. A Multiple Linear Regression model was developed to predict milk production as a function of zootechnical indexes and to determine which indicators influenced and in what proportion the quantity of liters sold. The absolute and relative economic values of these indicators were then calculated. Milk production was influenced by prolificacy (P=0.00325), age at kidding (P=0.01886), duration of lactation (P=< 2e-16) and parity number (P=0.00575), with absolute and relative economic values respectively as follows: $ 0,086/kid/female/year and 62.3% for prolificacy, -$ 0.001/female/month and -0.5% for age at kidding, $ 0.002/female/day and 1.5% for duration of lactation, and $ 0.051/female/parity and 36.7% for parity number. High values for the age at first kidding and interval between kiddings may be responsible for the effect of age and parity number. In conclusion, the procedures were herein employed and validated to improve the economic valuation method proved to be viable and efficient for application in dairy goat farming. In the situation analyzed, more than 90% of the economic value was obtained by prolificacy and parity number; however, the scarcity of research on these aspects of goat farming and the different indicators analyzed demonstrate the need for continuity of research in order to improve the methods so that their use in the field is applicable in more accessible ways.
This study aims to evaluate the use of active, inactive plus active, and inactive yeasts on the consumptionof dry matter, water, and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, urinary parameters, and serummetabolites of lambs. Twenty crossbred lambs (Dorper x Santa Inês) were used, with an initial averagebody weight of 31.89 kg and seven months of age, distributed in a completely randomized design.Treatments were Control group (without yeasts); Active Flora® (ICC), live yeast plus inactivated yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2.0 x 1010 UFC g-1) in the dose of 0.003 kg of animal dry matter -1 day-1,;Milk Sacc X® (Alltech®), active yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026, 5.0 x 108 UFC g-1 - atthe dose of 0.0015 kg of animal dry matter-1 day-1; and Rumen Yeast® (York Ag Products INC.), inactiveyeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae,1.5 x 104 UFC g-1 - in the dose of 0.0045 kg of animal dry matter-1day-1. Variance analysis and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test were performed considering 5%significance. For glycemic concentrations over time, regression analysis at 5% significance wereperformed. The fecal score, as a non-parametric variable, was assessed by the Kruskal and Wallis testat a 5% significance level. There was a statistical difference (P< 0.05) in fecal dry matter (FDM), wherethe Active Flora® treatment was inferior to the others. The use of different yeasts did not change theintake and digestibility of dry matter, water, urinary parameters, and serum concentrations of energy,protein, and liver metabolites (P> 0.05). The average dry matter intake was 1.16 ± 0.16 kg day-1, whereasthe dry matter digestibility was 85.40 ± 2.73%. It was concluded that active and/or inactive yeasts canbe used as additives in the diet of lambs, maintaining the intake and digestibility of dry matter withoutcausing metabolic disturbances.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da eficiência placentária de cabras e caracterizar sua influência sobre a sobrevivência e desempenho de cabritos até a fase de desmame. Para isso, foi criado um modelo de regressão múltipla para identificação de quais características influenciam, e em qual proporção, o peso dos cabritos ao desmame. No intuito de verificar quais características afetavam a chance de sobrevivência dos cabritos até o desmame, elaborou-se um modelo linear generalizado. Para serem incluídas nos modelos, as variáveis precisavam ser significantes ao nível de 5% de probabilidade (P-valor < 0,05). As variáveis estatisticamente significativas e mantidas no modelo final para determinar o peso ao desmame das crias, foram eficiência placentária, peso da mãe ao parto e quantidade de crias. A eficiência placentária aumentou em 0,0582 o peso ao desmame dos cabritos, enquanto um quilo a mais ao parto das matrizes ocasionou aumento de 0,2310 kg na mesma variável. A cada cabrito a mais nascido por parto, aumentou-se em 7,0066 kg o peso ao desmame. A eficiência placentária diminuiu o risco de sobrevivência das crias em 0,01%. Em contrapartida, o peso da matriz ao parto e quantidade de crias nascidas aumentaram em 0,44% e 71,89% a chance de sobrevivência dos cabritos até o desmame. É indicado que, para obtenção de maior produtividade no sistema, sejam atendidas as exigências nutricionais dos animais em todos os seus estágios fisiológicos, visto que uma nutrição inadequada consegue limitar o desempenho dos animais.
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