O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão literatura sobre medidas de apego publicadas no período de 2014 à 2019. Foi realizado levantamento de informações relativas ao número de itens, fatores, forma de resposta, dados de confiabilidade, principais métodos de investigação da estrutura interna. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: BIREME, PubMed, PsycNET, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SAGE, Springer e Redalyc. Dos 1384 artigos foram analisados 10 que corresponderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os fatores os instrumentos apresentaram variações de 1 a 5 fatores e diferentes métodos de análise. Uma lacuna importante encontrada, foi a ausência de um instrumento de apego brasileiro.
Attachment is defined as the way in which people bond. The literature indicates associations between attachment and other psychological variables such as family support, depression, and self-esteem. The first stage of the study aimed to investigate evidence of convergent validity for the EBRAPEG-A and other measures of attachment (RSQ and ASQ). The objective of the second stage was to assess the mediating effect of attachment styles on the relationship between family support and the depressive thoughts and self-esteem outcomes. A total of 472 Brazilians from the general population participated (mean age 28.8±10.1 years, 82.4% women). Through network analysis, a community of nodes corresponding to the theoretical expectations was verified, evidencing convergent validity between EBRAPEG-A, RSQ, and ASQ factors. In the second stage, Path Analysis demonstrated the predictive role of the perception of family support on the attachment style, as well as its effects on self-esteem and depression symptoms. Furthermore, the direct effects of family support on the depression symptoms and self-esteem outcomes were verified, which indicated partial mediation of the perception of family support.
The literature on attachment is unclear regarding which level of measurement is more appropriate for this construct. This study is aimed at assessing the measurement level of the EBRAPEG-A scale. As a secondary objective, the original 93-item EBRAPEG-A was reduced using data-driven methods and this new reduced version was compared to another version found in the literature with 34 items. A total of 808 Brazilians aged between 18 and 67 years, 82.4% women, participated in this study. The data-driven reduction method generated a reduced scale with 27 items, with factor scores strongly correlating with the 34-item version. The taxometric analysis of the 34-item version showed a small tendency towards a dimensional model, but the taxometric analysis of the 27-item scale was inconclusive. We discuss how both reduced versions of the EBRAPEG-A can be used to assess the attachment construct as a dimensional variable and what to expect from future studies.
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