In yeast multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms and colonies, cells are supported by a yeast extracellular matrix (yECM) of glycosidic nature, the composition of which is mostly unknown. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ECM was produced, extracted and partitioned. An analytical-grade pure glycoside fraction was obtained, fractionated by anionic exchange liquid chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two different molecular weight polysaccharides were found, composed of glucose, mannose and small relative amounts of galactose. One of the polysaccharides had a low molecular weight, compatible with the association with glycoproteins abundantly occurring in yECM. In addition, these polysaccharide species were separated by diaminopropane agarose gel electrophoresis and induced metachromatic shift, suggesting chemical substitution, which was corroborated by anticoagulation activity. This was shown to be associated with the double deletion of the yeast homologues of the mammalian Hedgehog modulators Hhatl and Hhat, respectively yeast Gup1 and Gup2. These results pioneer the study of the molecular biology of the ECM supporting S. cerevisiae multicellular aggregates such as biofilms.

Background: Patent foramen ovale is observed in 27% to 30% of the population and may be associated to embolic events, among them the cryptogenic stroke. The PREMERE

-Approximately 40% of ischemic strokes have no clearly definable etiology and are termed cryptogenic strokes. Patent foramen ovale, a small communication between the left and right atria, is considered to be a risk factor for cerebral embolism. In this study, we report the case of a 29-year-old woman with diagnosis of ischemic stroke due to patent foramen ovale who has undergone percutaneous endovascular closure. The aim of this report is to discuss the relevant aspects of the patent foramen ovale and the cryptogenic stroke, its clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and recurrence.KEY WORDS: interatrial septal abnormalities, paradoxical embolism, ischemic stroke.Acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico e forame oval patente: relato de caso RESUMO -Aproximadamente 40% dos acidentes vasculares encefálicos isquêmicos não apresentam etiologia definida e são classificados como criptogênicos. O forame oval patente, uma pequena comunicação entre os átrios direito e esquerdo, é considerado um fator de risco para embolismo cerebral. No presente artigo, relatamos o caso de uma jovem de 29 anos com o diagnóstico de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico decorrente do forame oval patente que foi submetida ao fechamento endovascular percutâ-neo. O presente relato discute aspectos relevantes da apresentação clínica, diagnóstico, manejo clínico e recorrência desta condição. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: forame oval patente, embolia paradoxal, acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico.There are different possible causes of stroke, but approximately 20% are of cardioembolic origin 1 . If it is not discovered what caused the ischemic event, it is classified as cryptogenic. Strokes of unknown cause are particularly common in young adults, accounting for 10-40% depending on the population 2 . We report the case of a young woman presenting stroke associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) who has undergone percutaneous endovascular closure. CASEA 29-year-old woman was brought to the Emergency Department in August 2004 after a one-day history of weakness in the right upper and lower limbs. A non-smoker, who had not taken oral contraceptives for years, the patient did not have any family background of neurological disease, but had an older sister with venous thrombosis. Physical, cardiologic and neurologic examinations in the Emergency Department were normal, except for the right hemiparesis and mild motor dysphasia. A cranial computed tomography without contrast showed focal hypodensity in the putamen of the left hemisphere. She was then submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (Figure), which showed signs of infarcts in the basal ganglia and corona radiata in the left hemisphere. Carotid and vertebral Doppler scans were normal. Laboratory tests included normal levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antithrombin III activity, protein C and S antigen, plasma homocys-

Objective: Retrospective study evaluating the morbidmortality and hospital behavior in over 70-year-old patients submitted to myocardial revascularization involving the radial artery as the second arterial graft. Method: During the period of August 1994 to December 2002, 2487 cases of myocardial revascularization were performed by the group of the Juiz de Fora Heart Institute, 476 of whom were 70 years of age or older and 36 (Group II) received the radial artery as the second arterial graft. The same type of surgery was performed in 142 under 70-year-old patients (Group I). Reoperations, off-pump operations (OPCAB) or associated procedures were excluded from this study. Results: The median age was 72.5 years, the mortality rate was 6% in this group of patients and the incidence of complications was low, comparable to the 142 under 70-yearold patients (Group I) submitted to the same type of surgery. Conclusion: The results achieved with this study lead the authors to believe that the radial artery can be safely used as the second arterial graft in well selected septuagenarian patients, despite the greater risk of co-morbidities related to this age group.

Caso clínico de uma paciente com quadro de hipertensão arterial refratária, sendo inicialmente atribuída como etiologia a displasia de artéria renal. Os níveis pressóricos mantiveram elevados após a angioplastia de artéria renal, mantendo descontrole pressórico apesar do uso de 10 classes de anti-hipertensivos. Foi indicada a denervação de artéria renal e após tal, foi possível redução das medicações e êxito no controle de seus níveis tensionais. Destaca-se a importância do adequado diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial refratária, a exclusão de hipertensão secundária, somado à otimização terapêutica e indicação de procedimentos quando necessário, tendo como objetivo o melhor controle pressórico e consequente redução de lesões de órgãos-alvo e eventos cardiovasculares graves.Descritores: denervação de Artéria Renal; hipertensão resistente, hipertensão refratária.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is the most recommended method of myocardial revascularization in acute coronary syndrome patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 53,889 patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between June 2006 and March 2016. A database was used to define the patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedures and clinical outcomes. The patients were grouped into different chronological periods, and variables were analyzed to determine their influence over death outcomes. Results: Factors such as advanced age, female sex, history of infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, diabetes, multivessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and collateral circulation were associated to a higher risk of in-hospital death for these patients. The success rate of the procedures increased along time and the risk of death decreased. Conclusion: Advances in the available medical technology have changed the profile of percutaneous coronary intervention, which has led to a higher rate of procedure success and a lower risk of death and complications.