Applications of swine residues to the soil surface in a no-tillage system (NTS) may increase the organic carbon level and improve the physical properties of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous application of pig slurry (PS) and pig litter (PL) on the total organic carbon (TOC) content and physical properties of soil under NTS in Southern Brazil. In March 2010, after 8 years of cultivation of black oats (Avena strigosa)–maize (Zea mays), soil samples were collected in the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm layers. The treatments consisted of a control plot (without manure application), plots with PS applications equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of nitrogen (N) for maize and black oats (PS1X and PS2X, respectively), and plots with PL equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of N for maize and black oats (PL1X and PL2X, respectively). The TOC, soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), total porosity (TP), macro- and microporosity, distribution of pore diameters, and indices of aggregation and aggregate stability were evaluated. Differences were found between treatments for TOC, BD, macro- and microporosity, pore diameter, aggregation, and PR. Treatment with PL favoured the production of aggregates (diameter >4 mm) and increased the rates of aggregation and aggregate stability in the 10–15 and 15–20 cm layers and macroporosity in the 0–5 and 15–20 cm layers. Application of PL2X reduced PR by 34% and 20%, respectively, in the 5–10 and 10–15 cm layers. Eight years of adding PS to successive cultivations of black oats–maize soil managed under NTS produced no changes in the physical features or the TOC of the soil, whereas the application of PL produced improvements in physical attributes of the soil and increased soil TOC.
A crescente preocupação com ataques cibernéticos motivou pesquisadores a buscarem soluções de segurança para redes de sistemas de automação e controle industriais. Por isso, este trabalho realizou uma captura de dados na rede local da planta MecatrIME, do Laboratório de Mecatrônica do Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), a fim de elaborar uma solução para aumentar a sua segurança. Os resultados indicaram que os principais protocolos da rede são: ARP, TCP, UDP e SMB2. Então, foi proposta uma arquitetura que permite a conexão segura da planta à Internet, baseada na criação de uma zona desmilitarizada e de um sistema de detecção de intrusão, a fim de proteger a rede desses ataques cibernéticos.
Radio frequency identification systems are widely used to uniquely identify objects in many applications such as magnetic cards, security tags, and logistic management systems. Despite these advantages provided by the RFID system, there remain a multitude of security concerns related to spoofing and espionage that are all concerned with radio frequency interception. Current research analysis is promising, particularly the work of Ibrahim and Dalkiliç. Their findings are, however, limited by the amount of tags that can be processed—which under certain circumstances can exhaust the server. We designed our new protocol and conducted a performance analysis. When compared to the Ibrahim and Dalkiliç's protocol, our results revealed a drastic reduction in the communication cost that was proportional to the amount of tags authenticated. Once the results were tallied, we modeled our proposed protocol in a discrete event simulation. As a proof of concept, our protocol was then implemented in software and analyzed through an experiment whose metrics were: tag identity search speed in the back-end database and amount of tags. Our results show that the proposed protocol offers better performance compared to current standard iterations of similar technology.
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