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Footbridges are structures that may experience vibration amplification problems caused by pedestrian and/or wind actions. Design codes deal with these phenomena limiting the natural frequencies and the maximum accelerations expected. Aiming at taking into consideration these dynamic phenomena, current procedures to evaluate the structural performance of light-weight bridges based on experimental dynamic analysis are evaluated in this study. To achieve this, the dynamic response of three pedestrians walking, running and jumping was obtained. Maximum comfort limits of dynamic responses were then determined. The results indicate that codes could overestimate the level of vibration in this kind of footbridge.

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The present paper proposes equivalent stiffness and energy dissipation properties of reinforced concrete hollow bridge piers to be used in the context of response spectrum performance based assessment and design. The work is carried out by performing parametric numerical analysis using a 2D fibre model calibrated against experimental results and by varying the longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio, height over width ratio, normalised axial force, level of confinement and concrete class of a rectangular hollow section reinforced with Tempcore B500C steel. The results of the analysis are given in the form of charts and closed form expressions for the yield curvature and moment, ultimate ductility, post yielding stiffness ratio and energy dissipated of the section, and are translated to the member level through the plastic hinge length approach. Likewise, the parameters of a Takeda model derived from the parametric analysis are given for use in nonlinear time history analysis.Keywords Bridge pier hollow section · Performance based design · Equivalent stiffness · Equivalent damping · Plastic hinge length · Takeda model Abbreviations DBD Displacement based design PsD Pseudo-dynamic RC Reinforced concrete