The surface properties of metals and alloys are usually altered by spray coating techniques for better performance in extreme conditions such as: erosive-corrosive and wear applications. In this study a wear and corrosion resistant coating composition of 75% Cr 3 C 2 -25% (Ni-20%Cr) was selected for cold spraying on N06601superalloy which can sustain in high-temperature applications. Microstructure properties of cold sprayed coating depend upon the composition and mechanical-physical properties of both coating and substrate materials, and cold spraying of brittle carbide-based materials is still a challenge for researchers. Various spray parameters were adjusted in this study to produce a 289 µm thick, smooth and dense (porosity less than 1) cold sprayed coating on 601-alloy with high hardness of 866 HV. For mitigating the erosion-corrosion phenomenon the coating microstructure is as important as its composition. This coating structure is suitable for further testing in high temperature and extreme corrosive conditions.
Recent mobile telecommunication systems are using MIMO collective with OFDM, which is well-known as MIMO-OFDM, to offer robustness and higher spectrum efficiency. The most important challenge in this scenario is to achieve an accurate channel estimation to identify the information symbols, once the receiver must have the channel state information to balance and process the received signal. The main objective of this paper is to study various techniques and analyze for channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM systems.
This study assessed the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and its associated complications in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on published literature extracted from PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, and Cochrane library. A random effect model meta-analysis was used to find the odd ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity was assessed with I². Eggers test and funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. A total of 62 studies were included involving 36500 patients. The patients who suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus were seen at increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism (OR= 1.88, 95% CI= 1.33-2.66). Furthermore, SCH was also associated with increased complications in type 2 diabetic patients with an estimated (OR= 3.31, 95% CI= 1.56-7.02) for Diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although, complications like Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were not seen at an increased risk in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients as their estimate odd ratio with 95% CI came out to be (OR= 1.11, 95% CI= 0.62-2.00) for Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and (OR= 1.68, 95% CI= 0.95-2.97) for Cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The study shows that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and some of its associated complications, like Diabetic nephropathy (DN), is more prevalent in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.
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