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Biobased materials such as cellulose, chitin, silk, soy, and keratin are attractive alternatives to conventional synthetic materials for filtration applications. They are cheap, naturally abundant, and easily fabricated with tunable surface chemistry and functionality. With the planet’s increasing crisis due to pollution, the need for proper filtration of air and water is undeniably urgent. Additionally, fibers that are antibacterial and antiviral are critical for public health and in medical environments. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for cheap, easily mass-produced antiviral fiber materials. Biopolymers can fill these roles very well by utilizing their intrinsic material properties, surface chemistry, and hierarchical fiber morphologies for efficient and eco-friendly filtration of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. Further, they are biodegradable, making them attractive as sustainable, biocompatible green filters. This review presents various biopolymeric materials generated from proteins and polysaccharides, their synthesis and fabrication methods, and notable uses in filtration applications.

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, respectively. With these superior electrochemical properties, the sodium carboxylate-derived materials could be considered as promising organic electrode materials for large-scale sustainable lithium-ion batteries.

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By use of the directional solidification of the metal-gas eutectic method (GASAR), a porous Cu-Mn alloy with oriented pores has been fabricated successfully. The variation of pore growth direction, pore distribution, and pore size were studied. In addition, by observing the microstructure on the transverse and longitudinal sections, it was found that the oriented pores could be formed with a cellular and columnar dendritic solidification mode if the cellular and primary dendrite arm spacing were much less than the pore diameter, which increases with the decrease of solidification velocity. In contrast, when an equiaxed dendritic structure appears, no oriented pore structure can be formed.