Adsorption chillers (ACs) powered by low-grade solar or waste heat energy have attracted increasing research interests due to their low electricity consumption and carbon emission. Ammonia working fluid with the...
BackgroundSilicosis is a common occupational disease, characterized by silicotic nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in silica-induced lung fibrosis. In the present study, we sought to clarify the homing ability of BMSCs and the specific mechanisms for their effects.Methods and resultsThe biodistribution of BMSCs was identified by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that BMSCs labeled with NIR-DiR dyes targeted silica-injured lung tissue, wherein they reached a peak at 6 h post-injection and declined dramatically by day 3. Based on these findings, a second injection of BMSCs was administered 3 days after the first injection. The injected BMSCs migrated to the injured lungs, but did not undergo transformation into specific lung cell types. Interestingly, the injection of BMSC-conditioned medium (BMSCs-CM) significantly attenuated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The collagen deposition and number of nodules were decreased in lung tissues of BMSCs-CM-treated rats. In parallel with these findings, the mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin, and the content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and hydroxyproline were decreased in the BMSCs-CM-treated group compared with the silica group. In addition, alveolar epithelial markers were upregulated by BMSCs-CM treatment.ConclusionsBMSCs migrated to injured areas of the lung after silica instillation and attenuated pulmonary fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effects of BMSCs were mainly exerted in paracrine manner, rather than through their ability to undergo differentiation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202102689.Recently, the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in thermal energy storage has attracted increasing research interests. MOF-ammonia working pairs have been proposed for controlling/sensing the air quality, while no work has yet been reported on the immense potential of MOFs for thermal energy storage up till now. Herein, the feasibility of thermal energy storage using seven MOF-ammonia working pairs is experimentally assessed. From ammonia sorption stability and sorption thermodynamics results, it is found that MIL-101(Cr) exhibits both high ammonia sorption stability and the largest sorption capacity of ≈0.76 g g −1 . Compared with MIL-101(Cr)-water working pair, MIL-101(Cr)-ammonia working pair improves the sorption capacity by over three times with evaporation temperature lower than 8.4 °C. Due to stable ammonia sorption stability and negligible hysteresis, MIL-101(Cr) and ZIF-8(Zn) are tested at condensation/evaporation temperature of 30 °C/10 °C. The thermal energy storage density (reaching over 1200 kJ kg −1 ) and coefficient of performance of MIL-101(Cr)-based system are both higher than ZIF-8(Zn)-based one due to larger average isosteric enthalpy and cycle sorption capacity. This experimental work paves the way for developing the high efficient and stable thermal energy storage system with MOF-ammonia working pairs especially for critical conditions with low evaporation temperature and high condensation temperature.Research data are not shared.
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