Multielectron excitations involving deep and shallow core levels have been identified for the first time in the x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) energy range for crystalline samples, RbBr and ;3-Pb02. The XAFS oscillations have been fitted and subtracted from the experimental data using theoretical standards. The positions of steps in the extracted background are in excellent agreement with the Z-h 1 approximation. The ability to determine this structure has important implications for XAFS and multiexcitation studies.PACS numbers: 78.70.Dm, 32.30.Rj, 32.80.Fb, 6l.lO.Lx Multielectron excitations in the x-ray absorption above K and L edges have been studied for a number of systems [1-11] and are important probes of the internal structure of the atoms. It is well known that such processes contribute significantly to the near-edge structure in absorption spectroscopy (often referred to as shake-up or shake-oflf processes), in the range 0-50 eV above an absorption edge. It is, however, less well known that multielectron features can exist at energies far above the edge, although they have been identified in a few special cases [1-10]. In particular they occur in the energy range 50 to approximately 1000 eV [6-10], the energy range commonly known as the XAFS (x-ray-absorption fine structure) region. In the XAFS data analysis, the XAFS oscillations are usually extracted assuming that the background is a smooth function that can be well approximated by an wth-order polynomial («, typically 4-8) or a multiple-spline (3-6 splines) fit. When small steps occur in the background, they introduce errors [6-10] in the XAFS oscillations extracted following this standard procedure.

No abstract

Abstract:This paper provides an energy consumption model and explains how the operating conditions and structural parameters of a crushing chamber affect energy consumption. Energy consumption is closely related to compressive pressure and displacement. The relationship between pressure, displacement and structural parameters is discussed. The influence of operating parameters on pressure and displacement based on the law of motion of material is examined. Energy consumption can be obtained by the product of pressure and displacement. In consideration of the pressure on the liner surface, which varies according to both height and circumference, an infinitesimal method was used to solve the issue of energy consumption. We validated the predicted energy consumption during breakage with experimental data from a PYGB1821 cone crusher which was consistent with the measured results. Finally, we provide an explanation of the influence of operating parameters and structural parameters on compressive pressure and displacement as well as energy consumption.

This paper proposes a novel 6-DOF robotic crusher that combines the performance characteristics of the cone crusher and parallel robot, such as interparticle breakage and high flexibility. Kinematics and dynamics are derived from the no-load and crushing parts in order to clearly describe the whole crushing process. For the no-load case, the kinematic and dynamic equations are established by using analytical geometry and Lagrange equation. Analytical geometry is mainly used to solve the inverse kinematics and then establish the velocity relationship between generalized coordinates and actuators. Lagrange equation which takes into account the weight of the mantle and actuators is used to solve driving forces of actuators. For the crushing case, crushing pressure is related to the compression ratio and particle size distribution, but the selection and breakage functions should be established first. Because the trajectory model of the mantle is difficult to be established by using analytical method, it can be obtained by an eccentric simulation. The results of input velocities and driving forces of actuators are distinctive due to the eccentric angle and selection of the initial position. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by a numerical example and then the energy consumption is calculated.

No abstract

The ever-growing demand for portable energy storage devices with desired performance has made lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) one of the most attractive research topics. Herein, NiSe 2 with double protection from a multi-heteroatom doped carbon matrix and N-doped carbon shell (NiSe 2 @NC/rGO) is investigated as an anode for lithium-ion storage and shows excellent electrochemical properties, especially cycling stability. The multi-heteroatom doped carbon matrix and an extra N-doped carbon shell in the NiSe 2 @NC/rGO composite enable a promoted rate capacity and cycling performance via improving its electronic/ionic conductivity and buffering the volume expansion during the lithiation/deithiation reactions. With this strategy, the NiSe 2 @NC/rGO electrode shows almost no capacity decay after 2000 cycles at 1 A g −1 . It also shows superior rate performance by exhibiting 222.3 mAh g −1 even at the high current density of 10 A g −1 .

A generic model to explore the relationship between the parameters of cone crusher and liner wear is provided in this paper. Relative slide and squeezing between material and liner are considered based on the operating conditions, structure parameters, and material properties. The sliding distance of the material under different conditions is discussed. It is detailed how operating parameters and structural parameters influence the pressure on the liner surface. Considering that the process of liner wear evolves over time, the updating method of the geometry of crushing chamber is adopted. The wear model is derived based on Archard theory and is calibrated with the measured wear profiles of the liner from a PYGB1821 cone crusher. Experiments show that the predicted wear amount is consistent with the measured results. The wear model can be used to predict the wear state of liner and quantify the influence of operating parameters and structural parameters on the liner wear.

BackgroundThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (NHR), lymphocyte/HDL ratio (LHR), monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR), and platelet/HDL ratio (PHR) have been recently investigated as new markers for inflammation. The purpose of this research is to use large-scale clinical data to discuss and compare the predictive ability of the SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, and PHR in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), to investigate potential biomarkers.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective, naturalistic, cross-sectional study, we collected the hematological parameter data of 13,329 patients with SCZ, 4,061 patients with BD manic episodes (BD-M), and 1,944 patients with BD depressive episodes (BD-D), and 5,810 healthy subjects served as the healthy control (HC) group. The differences in the SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, and PHR were analyzed, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic potential of these parameters.ResultsCompared with the HC group, the values of the SII, SIRI, NHR, LHR, MHR, and PHR and the levels of neutrophils, monocytes, and triglycerides (TG) were higher in SCZ and BD groups, and levels of platelets, cholesterol (CHO), HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apoprotein B (Apo B) were lower in SCZ and BD groups. Compared to the BD group, the values of the SIRI, lymphocytes, monocytes, and HDL were lower and the values of the SII, NHR, PHR, and platelet were higher in the SCZ group. In contrast to the BD-D group, the values of the SII; SIRI; NHR; and MHR; and levels of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets were higher in the BD-M group, and the levels of CHO, TG, LDL, and Apo B were lower in the BD-M group. The MHR and NHR were predictors for differentiating the SCZ group from the HC group; the SIRI, NHR, and MHR were predictors for differentiating the BD-M group from the HC group; and the MHR was a predictor for differentiating the BD-D group from the HC group. The combination model of the indicators improved diagnostic effectiveness.ConclusionOur study highlights the role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of SCZ, BD-M, and BD-D, the association between inflammation and lipid metabolism, and these inflammation and lipid metabolism indicators showed different variation patterns in SCZ, BD-D, and BD-M.