In this paper, an N-type silicon line tunneling TFET (LT-TFET) with an ultra-shallow N + pocket was proposed. The pocket was formed by using the germanium preamorphization implantation (Ge PAI), arsenic ultra-low energy implantation and spike annealing. Due to the Ge PAI, the tunneling probability was improved significantly. As a result, a high on-state current of 40µA/µm, a minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of 69 mV/decade and an average SS of 80 mV/decade over 5 decades of drain current were achieved with V DS = V GS = 1 V at room temperature. It is shown that once the trap assisted tunneling is suppressedat the low temperature, the band-to-band tunneling becomes dominant. When the temperature decreases from 300 K to 4.9 K, the on-state current only reduces 20% and a minimumpoint SS of 10 mV/decadewas obtained. The LT-TFET exhibits improved transconductance efficiency at deep cryogenic temperature range. The proposed structure in this work shows attractive merits in the cryogenic digital and analog application. INDEX TERMS TFET Ge PAI, line tunneling, cryogenic temperature.
BackgroundMAD2 is the gene controlling mitosis. Many studies have assessed MAD2 in various types of carcinoma. Antinuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anticentromere antibody (ACA) are related mitotic antibodies, playing roles in autoimmune diseases and carcinomas, but the expression of MAD2, MSA, and ACA in SCLC is unclear.Material/MethodsWe enrolled 70 SCLC patients, 72 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and 65 pulmonary nodule (PN) patients. MAD2 expression was measured through agarose electrophoresis and qt-PCR. Antinuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) and anticentromere antibody (ACA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).ResultsMAD2 was found both in SCLC and NSCLC. Interestingly, there was a significant difference found between SCLC and NSCLC using qt-PCR (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of MAD2 expression was 0.799, with medium diagnostic value. MAD2 expression was related to age, lymphatic metastasis, and survival time, but not with sex. The positivity for MSA and ACA by IIF assay were 37.20% and 34.00%, respectively, in the SCLC group, which were higher than in the NSCLC and pulmonary nodule groups (P<0.05). The kappa values of MSA and ACA with MAD2 expression were 0.73 and 0.65, respectively, with moderate consistency. Combining MAD2 with MSA and ACA enhanced the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SCLC.ConclusionsMAD2 expression was found to be involved in carcinogenesis and prognosis of SCLC. The combination of MAD2 with MSA and ACA is useful for early diagnosis and shows promise in treatment of SCLC.
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