This paper deals with the instrumental variable (IV) estimation for the problem of target motion analysis from bearingonly measurements (BO-TMA). By taking asymptotical analysis of the IV estimation, a systematic method for developing consistent IV estimate and the sufficient condition for its asymptotical normality are proposed. The asymptotical covariance of IV estimate is also derived explicitly which can be used to evaluate its performance. These results generalize the previous studies and enhance the application of the IV estimation in target tracking. Numerical examples are shown to verify the theoretical results.
Activated carbon is a kind of material with many pores and large specific surface. Activated carbon has been widely applied in many fields for its excellent adsorption and steady chemical characters. Activated carbon was prepared with apricot shell as raw materials by the sequence of crushing, screening, carbonization and activation. To improve adsorption ability of activated carbon, KOH was added as a activator into the carbonization materials. The effect of carbonization and activation conditions on benzene value and Vitamin B12 value were investigated. Benzene value and Vitamin B12 value of activated carbon were improved from 163.01mg.g-1 and 19.16mg.g-1 to 589.14mg.g-1 and 35.02mg.g-1, respectively.
This paper deals with the minimum automatic construction approach to the Management Information Systems (MIS) based on the user’s function requirement. Firstly, the principles of MIS minimum construction are proposed, and the matching problem in the minimum construction is analyzed. Then the contracted conformity degree of the module functions is defined and the matching algorithms of modules in the bottom layer are given. Then, the steps of minimum automatic construction are also presented. Finally, the automatic construction is exemplified, the result of which shows the effectiveness and the feasibility of the method.
carbon foams were prepared using a medium rank bituminous coal in this paper. The influence of foaming temperature, foaming pressure and time of releasing pressure on open porosity, bulk density and pore morphology of carbon foam were discussed, respectively. The bulk density and true density were tested. The texture of the carbon foams was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the pores diameter of carbon foam derived from coal is more uniform, which is in range of 100μm-200μm. Nevertheless, there are a spot of irregular large holes. Foaming temperature is key fact and the suitable foaming temperature must be near to the maximum fluidity temperature of coal. With the foaming pressure increasing, the open porosity reduces, the bulk density increases and the pores diameter gets smaller and more regular.
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