In the hydraulic and pneumatic equipments, the elastomeric O-ring gaskets are widely used to ensure their sealing. The sealing capability of an elastomeric O-ring gasket depends upon the contact stresses that develop between the O-ring and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. In order to increase the strength and service life of the general elastomeric O-ring gasket, this gasket including metal skeleton is gradually applied to the actual product in recent years. In spite of the sealing performance of the elastomeric O-ring gasket has been investigated in many literatures, few information of it is known about the elastomeric O-ring gasket including metal skeleton. If any gasket degrades or fails, the overall operation and performance of the production will be affected. This paper aims to study the contact stresses occurred on the metal skeleton seal structure under the various interference fits with three sectional forms (trapezoid cross section, square cross section and circular cross section). Finite element analysis is used to predict sealing performance of an installed metal skeleton seal, providing a normal force against the sealing surface. Results gained show that the contact stresses occurred on the metal skeleton seal is larger than it generated on the general elastomeric O-ring gasket. Furthermore, the metal skeleton seal possessed trapezoid cross section can produce the maximum contact stress, which will show the best sealing performance among three sectional forms.
Due to significant difference of thermal expansion coefficients between ceramic and metal, the residual stresses are deemed to be induced into the interior of matrix composites within the ceramic-metal seal systems. Many investigations of the residual stresses distributions on dissimilar solid materials joints so far have been carried out theoretically and experimentally, whereas ones of the residual stresses distributions within the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal systems are rarely performed. In order to obtain information for improving their seal structures in the future, the residual stresses distributions resulted from the thermal expansion behavior in the typical configuration of the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal are investigated by theoretical formulae, experimental observation and finite element method (FEM) simulation in this paper. The changing trends of the computational results of the residual stresses distributions agree with the experimental results of the measurement with X-ray diffractometer. The overall residual stresses are found to increase drastically near the welding interfaces. The highest tensile stress occurs at the outer surfaces of the ceramic near the welding interfaces.
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